Table 1.
Correlation analysis between total cholesterol concentrations (mmol/L) and disability-adjusted life years lost (DALYs) for infectious and cardiovascular diseases with socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and percent energy available for consumption from individual food commodities (Number of countries 163).
| Dietary and socio-demographic variables | Mean cholesterol concentrations (mmol/L) | DALYs infectious diseases | DALYs cardiovascular diseases |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total energy available for consumption (kcal) | 0.42*** | −0.79*** | 0.16* |
| Percent energy availability for consumption (%) | |||
| Cereals, excluding beer | −0.42*** | 0.55*** | −0.01 |
| Starchy | −.30*** | 0.46*** | −0.02 |
| Sugar and Sweeteners and Honey | 0.51*** | −0.50*** | 0.01 |
| Vegetables, Total | 0.28*** | −0.47*** | 0.27** |
| Fruits, excluding wine | 0.09 | −0.10 | −0.18* |
| Pulses | −0.33*** | 0.42*** | −0.12 |
| Vegetable oils | 0.06 | −0.29*** | 0.01 |
| Animal fat | 0.52*** | −0.72*** | 0.28** |
| Meat, total | 0.62*** | −0.65*** | 0.11 |
| Fish, seafood | 0.27*** | −0.29*** | −0.04 |
| Milk | 0.39*** | −0.64*** | 0.23** |
| Eggs | 0.62*** | −0.77*** | 0.18* |
| Alcoholic beverages | 0.34*** | −0.44*** | 0.16* |
| Socio-Demographic Factors | |||
| Life expectancy (years) | 0.69*** | −0.90*** | 0.09 |
| Obesity (%) | 0.52*** | −0.57*** | 0.06 |
| Per capita GDP ($) | 0.61*** | −0.85*** | 0.03 |
| Urbanization (%) | 0.40*** | −0.63*** | −0.08 |
| Smoking (%) | 0.33*** | −0.48*** | 0.34*** |
| Physical inactivity (%) | 0.33*** | −0.41*** | −0.12 |
| Literacy (%) | 0.68*** | −0.74*** | 0.37*** |
| DALYs | |||
| Infectious diseases | −0.65*** | – | – |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 0.15* | −0.19*** | – |
Pearson’s coefficients of correlation are reported.
Variables have been transformed before being entered in the analyses if they were not normally distributed.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.001.