Table 1.

Comparison of World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the year 2010 and 2013.

Population	Target population	2010 ART guidelines	2013 ART guidelines
Adults and adolescents	HIV-infected individuals	CD4 count ⩽350 cells/mm3 or WHO clinical Stage 3 or 4 regardless of CD4 cell count	CD4 count ⩽500 cells/mm3 or WHO clinical Stage 3 or 4 regardless of CD4 cell count
	HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women	CD4 count ⩽350 cells/mm3 regardless of clinical symptoms or WHO clinical Stage 3 or 4 regardless of CD4 cell count	Regardless of CD4 cell count or WHO clinical stage
	HIV-infected partners in serodiscordant couple relationship(s)	No recommendation established
	HIV/TB coinfection	Presence of active TB disease, regardless of CD4 cell count	No change
	HIV/HBV coinfection	Evidence of chronic active HBV disease, regardless of CD4 cell count	Evidence of chronic HBV disease with advanced stage liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis), regardless of CD4 cell count
Children	HIV-infected children ⩾5 years old	CD4 ⩽350 cells/mm3 or WHO clinical Stage 3 or 4 regardless of CD4 cell count	CD4 count ⩽500 cells/mm3 or WHO clinical Stage 3 or 4 regardless of CD4 cell count
	HIV-infected children 1–5 years old	1. Between 12 and 24 months of age, regardless of CD4 count or WHO clinical stage	Regardless of CD4 cell count and clinical stage
		2. Between 24 and 59 months of age with CD4 count of ⩽750 cells/mm3 or CD4% ⩽25, or whichever is lower, regardless of WHO clinical stage
	HIV-infected infants <1 year old	All infants, regardless of CD4 cell count and clinical stage	No change

ART = antiretroviral therapy; HBV = hepatitis B virus; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; TB = tuberculosis; WHO = World Health Organization.