Combined effects of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mixture on blood glucose levels 1-hour post–50-g nonfasting glucose challenge test (n = 1530) estimated by Bayesian kernel machine regression, adjusting for maternal age (continuous), prepregnancy body mass index (continuous), prior history of gestational diabetes mellitus/parity, race/ethnicity, smoking, and education. Univariate exposure-response function and 95% confidence bands for A, PFOS and B, MeFOSAA holding all other PFAS at the median. C, Overall effect of the PFAS mixture. This plot shows the estimated difference in blood glucose levels and 95% credible intervals when all PFAS concentrations are held at a certain percentile compared to when PFAS concentrations are held at the median. Abbreviations: PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate; MeFOSAA, 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide) acetate.