Table 4.

Raman marker bands of peptide aggregation.

Marker Band of the Aggregation 1	Assignment	Peptide	Reference
amide I (1700–1600 cm−1)
1690–1600 ↑1672→	β-sheets formation	insulin, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL)	[85,86,88]
amide II (1580–1480 cm−1)
1580–1480 ↑	β-sheets formation	HEWL	[84,85,86]
1550→		1-SS-carboxymethyl lactalbulin (1-SS-LA), HEWL
Cα H
1390 ↑		insulin, HEWL	[85,86,88]
amide III (1283–1218 cm−1)
1320–1270 ↑1270–1230 ↓		HEWL	[88]
disulfide (S-S) (550–450 cm−1)
523, 507 ↓490		HEWL	[84,85]
540, 510 ↓508		apo-α-lactabulin (LA)
phenylalanine (Phe)
1000 ↓		HEWL	[87,88]

¹ ↑ an increase of peak intensity, ↓ a decrease of peak intensity, → a peak shift to higher energy