Table 2.

Polyphenols and related compounds obtained from mushroom by-products.

Production Technique	Species	By-Products	Bioactive Compound	Extraction Method	Bioactivities	Reference
Submerged Liquid Fermentation	Agaricus bisporus	Mycelia	Gallic, p-coumaric, cinnamic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid	Extraction with methanol:water (80:20, v/v) at −20 °C for 1.5 h.	Antioxidant	[107]
		mycelia and culture media	p-Hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acid	Extraction with methanol at 25 °C, 150 rpm for 1 h.	Anti-inflammatory Cytotoxic Antioxidant	[108]
	Inonotus obliquus	Fermentation Broth, Mycelia	Gallic, ferulic, Epigallocatechin gallate, Phelligridin G, Davallialactone and Inoscavin B	Fermentation Broth -Extraction with 95% ethanol (1:4, v/v) at 4 °C overnight, Supernatant re-extracted with ethyl acetate (1:3, v/v) thrice Mycelial-Extraction by ultrasonication for 10 min in 70% aqueous acetone (v/v).	Antioxidant	[109]
	I. obliquus	Fermentation Broth, Mycelia	Epicatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, phelligridin G, davallialactone and inoscavin B	Fermentation Broth -Extraction with 95% ethanol (1:4, v/v) at 4 °C overnight, Supernatant re-extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butanol (1:3, v/v) thrice Mycelial-Extraction by ultrasonication for 10 min in 70% aqueous acetone (v/v).	DPPH radical scavenging	[110]
	I. obliquus	Mycelia	Kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, luteolin, naringenin, apigenin, fortuneletin	Mycelial biomass was dried in a microwave oven for 10 min, extracted with 95% ethanol and stored at 4 °C overnight Centrifugation at 4500× g for 10 min.	Superoxide and DPPH radical Scavenging	[111]
	Lentinula edodes	Mycelia	Protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid	Extracted with methanol:water (80:20, v/v) at −20 °C for 1.5 h.	Antioxidant	[107]
	Pleurotus eryngii	Mycelia and culture media	p-Hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acid	Extracted with methanol at 25 °C, 150 rpm for 1 h.	Anti-inflammatory Cytotoxic Antioxidant	[112]
	Pleurotus ostreatoroseus	Mycelia	Cinnamic acid	Extracted with ethanol (70%) at 25 °C and at 130 rpm for 3 h.	Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Antimicrobial Hepatotoxicity	[113]
	Suillus belinii	Mycelia and culture media	p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, Cinnamic acid	Extracted with methanol at 25 °C, 150 rpm for 1 h.	Anti-inflammatory Cytotoxic Antioxidant activity	[112]
Solid Substrate Fermentation	Cordyceps militaris	Dried powder	Shikmic, chlorogenic, syringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid, rutin, genistin, daidzein, luteolin, genistein, Biochanin A	Extraction with methanol (80%) and ethanol (80%) at 50 °C for 4 h. Refluxing at 40 °C, at 150 rpm for 4 h. Centrifuged at 15,000× g, for 15 min at 4 °C	Antioxidant activities Inhibition of oxidative DNA damage	[114]
	Pleurotus eryngii	Substrate	Chlorogenic, syringic, ferulic, p-coumaric, caffeic, t-cinnamic, vanillic acid and naringenin	Extraction in 80% methanol under sonication for 8 h.	Antioxidant activity	[115]
	Pleurotus ostreatus	Substrate	Chlorogenic, syringic, ferulic, p-coumaric, caffeic, t-cinnamic, vanillic acid and naringenin	Extraction in 80% methanol under sonication for 8 h.	Antioxidant activity	[115]