Figure 4.

qRT-PCR quantification of protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (Perk), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (Ire1α), activating transcription factor 6α (Atf6α), Grp78/BiP, Grp94 and Hsp90aa gene expression (using primers listed in Table 2) in S, R, T, S_Tun, S_Thap, S_Bor and S_MG-132 cells. Transcript levels were normalized to the β-actin housekeeping gene and are expressed as the mean ± S_D of three independent measurements. Significance: Data are higher than those in S cells at * p < 0.02, ** p < 0.005.