Table 3.

Experimental characteristics of the steel–concrete composite joint specimens.

Specimen	N y	N u	N u/N y	D y	D u	D u/D y	EI
RGP-1 [23]	3200	3500	1.09	27.03	-	-	11.84
RGP-2 [23]	3400	4200	1.24	23.50	42.79	1.82	14.47
RGP-3 [23]	3400	4500	1.32	23.43	43.46	1.85	14.51
SJ-1 [18]	2156	2548	1.18	16.13	34.49	2.14	13.37
SJ-2 [18]	2156	2940	1.36	15.92	40.12	2.52	13.54
Specimen 1	3200	5200	1.63	10.90	59.01	5.41	29.36
Specimen 2	3400	5400	1.59	12.89	68.31	5.30	26.38

N_y and D_y: yield load (kN) and the corresponding displacement (mm); N_u and D_u: ultimate load and the corresponding displacement; EI (the joint stiffness): N_y /D_y (10⁴ kN /m).