Table 5.
Factors associated with latrine utilization in Mehal Meda town, North Shewa, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2019 (N = 558).
| Variables | Latrine utilization | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | Not | p value | COR (95% CI) | p value | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married | 43 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Married | 357 | 29 | 0.456 | 0.573 (0.132, 2.484) | 0.254 | 0.300 (0.038,2.378) |
| Divorced | 70 | 16 | 0.040 | 0.203 (0.045, 0.929) | 0.138 | 0.188 (0.021, 1.709) |
| Widowed | 39 | 2 | 0.924 | 0.907 (0.122, 6.751) | 0.884 | 1.257 (0.059, 26.769) |
| Educational status of household's head | ||||||
| Illiterate | 31 | 1 | 0.632 | 1.671 (0.204, 13.66) | .028 | 20.65 (1.382, 78.479) |
| Can read and write | 104 | 14 | 0.04 | 0.40 (0.167, 0.958) | .390 | 1.937 (0.429,8.748) |
| Grades 1-8 | 95 | 10 | 0.161 | 0.512 (0.201, 1.304) | .231 | 2.808 (0.519, 15.183) |
| Grades 9-12 | 112 | 15 | 0.038 | 0.402 (0.170, 0.951) | .508 | 1.728 (0.342, 8.722) |
| Diploma and above | 167 | 9 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Occupation of household's head | ||||||
| Farmer | 34 | 1 | 0.124 | 4.88 (0.648, 36.725) | 0.008 | 22.651 (2.283, 54.734) |
| Government employee | 224 | 12 | 0.004 | 2.677 (1.359, 5.273) | 0.002 | 10.305 (2.354, 45.121) |
| Private | 251 | 36 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Types of latrine | ||||||
| Flush/pour flush to septic tank/sewer line | 4 | 24 | 0.349 | 2.250 (0.412, 12.284) | 0.947 | 1.142 (0.023, 55.699) |
| Traditional pit latrine with cemented slab or stone slab | 24 | 403 | 0.009 | 6.297 (1.569, 25.264) | 0.253 | 6.758 (0.255, 179.049) |
| Traditional pit latrine with wood log and earth cover | 18 | 74 | 0.551 | 1.542 (0.371, 6.400) | 0.556 | 2.684 (0.100, 72.135) |
| Composting | 3 | 8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Arrangement of latrine | ||||||
| Private latrine/inside the living house | 1 | 22 | 0.043 | 8.963 (1.073, 74.904) | 0.067 | 12.135 (0.841, 175.009) |
| Private latrine/outside the living house | 30 | 440 | 0.001 | 5.975 (2.705, 13.201) | 0.085 | 3.267 (0850, 12.550) |
| Shared with other households/communal | 7 | 20 | 0.789 | 1.164 (1.164, 0.384, 3.532) | 0.500 | 0.531 (0.085, 3.33) |
| Shared with the public | 11 | 27 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Duration of latrine utilizing | ||||||
| Below 1 year | 236 | 10 | 0.001 | 3.371 (1.598, 7.112) | 0.162 | 2.265 (0.721, 7.121) |
| 1-3 years | 77 | 11 | 0.001 | 1.000 (0.474, 2.108) | 0.018 | 0.218 (0.061, 0.771) |
| Above 3 years | 196 | 28 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Cleanness of latrine | ||||||
| Yes | 10 | 327 | 0.001 | 7.07 (3.418, 14.367) | .001 | 8.846 (2.919, 26.802) |
| No | 39 | 182 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Splash of urine or water around the slab/latrine floor | ||||||
| Yes | 37 | 298 | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 12 | 211 | 0.023 | 2.183 (1.112, 4.286) | 0197 | 0.481 (0.159, 1.462) |
| Latrine affected by natural disaster | ||||||
| Yes | 7 | 25 | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 42 | 484 | 0.01 | 3.227 (1.318, 7.900) | 0.819 | 0.815 (0.141, 4.714) |
| Observing feces around the latrine | ||||||
| Yes | 59 | 27 | 0.001 | 0.107 (0.057, 0.200) | 0.797 | 0857 (0.266, 2.767) |
| No | 450 | 22 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Shape and structure of latrine facility | ||||||
| Traditional hat | 108 | 12 | 0.496 | 1.364 (0.558, 3.332) | 0.223 | 2.378 (0.590, 9.581) |
| Rectangular hat | 143 | 17 | 0.569 | 1.275 (0.554, 2.934) | 0.741 | 1.261 (0.318, 4.992) |
| Rectangular metal sheet | 192 | 10 | 0.023 | 2.909 (1.159, 7.300) | 0.335 | 1.926 (0.508, 7.325) |
| Irregular structure and shape | 66 | 10 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Latrine status during observation | ||||||
| Good | 184 | 5 | 0.001 | 12.372 (4.74, 32.29) | 0.001 | 25.486 (6.268, 103.633) |
| Fair | 209 | 5 | 0.001 | 14.053 (5.39,36.64) | 0.001 | 14.440 (4.233, 49.253) |
| Bad | 116 | 39 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Distance between water well and latrine facility | ||||||
| Below 15 m | 278 | 11 | 0.001 | 4.157 (2.078, 8.317) | 0.004 | 4.469 (1.622, 12.312) |
| B/n 15 and 20 m | 231 | 38 | 1 | 1 | ||