Table 3.
Results from the Mann–Whitney test between first-time mothers who did and did not breastfeed at different points of time throughout the study.
| Q1: breastfeeding during the first two hours after birth | Q1: breastfeeding at the first week after birth | Q2: breastfeeding at six months after birth | Q3: breastfeeding at one year after birth | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z (p value), n breastfeeding/not breastfeeding | Z (p value), n breastfeeding/not breastfeeding | Z (p value), n breastfeeding/not breastfeeding | Z (p value), n breastfeeding/not breastfeeding | |
| MIRF-scale part one: Mother's perceived relation to the child index (“Enjoyment of breastfeeding” not included) | ||||
| Q1 | −0.45 (0.654), 59/171 | −1.15 (0.250), 267/13 | −0.50 (0.614), 154/92 | −1.30 (0.194), 34/190 |
| Q2 | −0.20 (0.842), 50/152 | −0.41 (0.682), 237/10 | −0.62 (0.534), 166/97 | −1.14 (0.253), 35/195 |
| MIRF-scale part one: Mother's perceived relation to the child index (“Enjoyment of breastfeeding” included) | ||||
| Q1 | −0.66 (0.512), 55/169 | −0.11 (0.915), 265/5 | −0.20 (0.841), 153/84 | −1.45 (0.148), 33/183 |
| Q2 | −0.43 (0.664), 34/107 | −0.62 (0.538), 166/1 | −2.49 (0.013∗), 165/13 | −2.10 (0.036∗), 34/121 |
| MIRF-scale part two: Mother's perceived feelings for the child index | ||||
| Q1 | −1.36 (0.174), 56/168 | −0.42 (0.674), 260/13 | −0.54 (0.589), 149/91 | −1.39 (0.164), 33/186 |
| Q2 | −0.12 (0.903), 50/152 | −1.62 (0.104), 235/10 | −0.07 (0.943), 166/95 | −2.18 (0.030∗), 34/195 |
| Mother's partner's perceived feelings for the child | ||||
| Q1 | −0.32 (0.751), 52/165 | −0.41 (0.683), 252/13 | −0.19 (0.848), 144/90 | −1.51 (0.131), 31/184 |
| Q2 | −0.66 (0.510), 49/151 | 1.04 (0.300), 232/10 | −0.73 (0.463), 162/96 | −1.38 (0.166), 34/194 |
| Breastfeeding or not at | ||||
| Q1: first two hours after birth | −3.31 (0.001∗∗), 228/6 | −0.34 (0.732), 136/68 | ||
| Q1 first week after birth | −3.31 (0.001∗∗), 59/175 | −3.58 (<0.000∗∗), 158/91 | −1.06 (0.288), 28/158 | |
| Q2 | −0.34 (0.732), 51/153 | −3.58 (<0.000∗∗), 239/10 | −0.33 (0.741), 34/193 | |
| Q3 | −1.06 (0.288), 45/141 | −0.33 (0.741), 218/9 | −4.26 (<0.000∗∗), 144/87 | −4.23 (<0.000∗∗), 35/196 |
| Enjoyment of breastfeeding | ||||
| Q1 | −1.74 (0.082#), 55/175 | −1.76 (0.079#), 271/5 | −2.17 (0.030∗), 157/85 | −1.60 (0.110), 33/188 |
| Q2 | −0.26 (0.791), 34/108 | 0.00 (1.00), 167/1 | −2.78 (0.005∗∗), 166/13 | −2.72 (0.007∗), 34/122 |
| Q3 | −1.18 (0.239), 14/32 | −0.88 (0.376), 55/1 | −2.07 (0.038∗) 46/11 | −1.09 (0.278) 36/24 |
| Willingness to breastfeed a possible following child, Q4 | −0.64 (0.523), 45/140 | −4.75 (<0.000∗∗), 215/9 | −4.72 (<0.000∗∗), 143/85 | −2.07 (0.038∗), 36/201 |
| Has had another child two years after birth, Q4 | −1.4 (0.154), 35/111 | −0.42 (0.672), 177/7 | −0.41 (0.686), 130/56 | −2.06 (0.040∗), 25/150 |
| SOC-13 index | ||||
| Q1 | −0.63 (0.532), 55/169 | −0.51 (0.609), 261/12 | −0.27 (0.791), 151/89 | −0.55 (0.586), 33/187 |
| Q2 | −0.43 (0.532), 49/152 | −0.78 (0.434), 237/9 | −0.03 (0.978), 164/98 | −0.18 (0.852), 34/195 |
| Q3 | −0.78 (0.436), 44/140 | −0.40 (0.687), 216/9 | −0.30 (0.762), 142/87 | −0.25 (0.803), 36/203 |
| Q4 | −0.48 (0.634), 35/110 | −0.42 (0.676), 176/7 | −0.46 (0.649), 130/55 | −0.13 (0.894), 25/149 |
| QDR36 index | ||||
| Q1 | −0.96 (0.338), 41/131 | −1.28 (0.201), 203/9 | −0.18 (0.855), 119/67 | −1.40 (0.163), 25/145 |
| Q2 | −0.63 (0.532), 47/149 | −0.87 (0.382), 225/9 | −0.77 (0.439), 154/95 | −0.41 (0.683), 33/186 |
| Q3 | −0.48 (0.633), 42/133 | −0.87 (0.385), 207/8 | −1.22 (0.224), 138/82 | −0.88 (0.378), 33/195 |
| Q4 | −0.07 (0.945), 33/107 | −1.44 (0.149), 169/6 | −0.52 (0.603), 123/55 | −0.37 (0.710), 23/145 |
Questionnaires: Q1: first week after birth; Q2: six months after birth; Q3: one year after birth; Q4: two years after birth. Measurements: MIRF-scale part one, item “Enjoyment of breastfeeding” included: Mother's perceived relation to the child index; MIRF-scale part one, item “Enjoyment of breastfeeding” not included: Mother's perceived relation to the child index; MIRF-scale part two: Mother's perceived feelings for the child index; and Mother's partner's perceived feelings for the child index. Sense of Coherence (SOC-13); Quality of Dyadic Relationship (QDR36). Values: Z: z-approximation test. p values: ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.0, #p < 0.1; n: number of participants.