Table 3.
Comparison of adverse study outcomes between the study groups according to changes in MetS components
| Model 1a | Model 2b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Incidental CKD | ||||
| Developed components (in MetS-developed vs. MetS-free) | ||||
| Central obesity | 1.23 (1.17-1.29) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.18-1.31) | <0.001 |
| High blood pressure | 1.36 (1.29-1.44) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.29-1.44) | <0.001 |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 1.20 (1.15-1.26) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.19-1.31) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, Tg | 1.30 (1.25-1.34) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.22-1.31) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, HDL | 1.29 (1.25-1.34) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.24-1.33) | <0.001 |
| Recovered components (in MetS-recovery vs. MetS-chronic) | ||||
| Central obesity | 0.73 (0.69-0.78) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.67-0.76) | <0.001 |
| High blood pressure | 0.65 (0.61-0.69) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.61-0.69) | <0.001 |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 0.71 (0.67-0.75) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.68-0.770) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, Tg | 0.71 (0.68-0.74) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.68-0.74) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, HDL | 0.81 (0.77-0.84) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.75-0.82) | <0.001 |
| Albuminuria | ||||
| Developed components (in MetS-developed vs. MetS-free) | ||||
| Central obesity | 1.73 (1.65-1.83) | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.63-1.81) | <0.001 |
| High blood pressure | 2.34 (2.22-2.46) | <0.001 | 2.24 (2.13-2.36) | <0.001 |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 1.98 (1.89-2.07) | <0.001 | 2.03 (1.94-2.13) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, Tg | 1.68 (1.62-1.74) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.56-1.68) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, HDL | 1.54 (1.49-1.60) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.43-1.55) | <0.001 |
| Recovered components (in MetS-recovery vs. MetS-chronic) | ||||
| Central obesity | 0.60 (0.56-0.65) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.56-0.64) | <0.001 |
| High blood pressure | 0.46 (0.43-0.49) | <0.001 | 0.47 (0.44-0.50) | <0.001 |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 0.39 (0.36-0.42) | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.41-0.47) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, Tg | 0.59 (0.56-0.62) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.57-0.63) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, HDL | 0.49 (0.45-0.53) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.62-0.69) | <0.001 |
CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HR, hazard ratio; MetS, metabolic syndrome; Tg, triglycerides.
The base multivariable model included the following variables at the inclusion date: age, sex, low income, Charlson comorbidity index scores, body mass index, and baseline laboratory parameters, including estimated glomerular filtration rate, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase, hemoglobin, and the presence of dipstick albuminuria.
In addition to the variables included in the base model, the number of present MetS components in the health exam just before the inclusion was adjusted in the model 1. bThe model was same as the model 1 except for the actual measured parameters of MetS criteria being included in the model instead of the number of present components.