Figure 4. Improvement of the blood flow and suppression of neointimal formation by a talin modulator after femoral arterial injury. (A) Representative images of the ventral side of a mouse measured by laser Doppler imager post-surgery (day 0) and at day 7, 14, and 28 after femoral arterial injury. (B) Quantitative analysis of the blood flow at day 28 after injury and oral administration of the talin modulator. (C) Histological images of left and right femoral arteries showing the reduced neointima after administration of the talin modulator. (D) Immunohistological staining of α-SMA (DAB, brown) to visualize SMCs within the neointima. (E) Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α after 28 days of injury and administration as measured by ELISA. All scale bars represent 100 μm.

α-SMA = alpha-smooth muscle actin; DAB = 3,3′-diaminobenzidine; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; H&E = hematoxylin and eosin; IL-6 = interleukin-6; SMC = smooth muscle cell; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha.

^*p<0.05 vs. sham; ^†p<0.05 vs. vehicle control. Sham (n=5); vehicle control (n=5); talin modulator (n=6).