Table 3.

Pharmaceutical agents with potential to target aging processes

Agent	Mechanism	Targets
Rapamycin	Inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	•  Loss of proteostasis  •  Dysregulated nutrient sensing  •  Mitochondrial dysfunction  •  Stem cell exhaustion
Metformin	Modulates glucose metabolism, decreases insulin and insulin like growth factor signaling, inhibits mTOR and mitochondrial complex 1. activates AMP-Kinase and reduces DNA damage	•  Genomic instability  •  Loss of proteostasis  •  Dysregulated nutrient sensing  •  Mitochondrial dysfunction
Nicotinamide Riboside	Precursor for NAD+ (NAD regulates the energy balance, stress response, and cellular homeostasis through sirtuins, PARPs and various redox enzymes)	•  Genomic instability  •  Dysregulated nutrient sensing  •  Mitochondrial dysfunction
Dasatinib and Quercetin	Senolytic	•  Cellular senescence
TTP448	Receptor for advanced glycation end-products inhibitor	•  Intracellular communication  •  Genomic instability