Table 1:
Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with Healthy Eating Index quartile
| HEI quartile 1 (N=2065) | HEI quartile 2 (N=2065) | HEI quartile 3 (N=2065) | HEI quartile 4 (N=2064) | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, years | 23.9 (±5.2) | 26.6 (±5.5) | 28.7 (±5.1) | 29.9 (±4.5) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 987 (47.8) | 1198 (58.1) | 1472 (71.3) | 1536 (74.4) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 496 (24.0) | 277 (13.4) | 113 (5.5) | 58 (2.8) | |
| Hispanic | 420 (20.3) | 421 (20.4) | 287 (13.9) | 246 (11.9) | |
| Asian | 31 (1.5) | 68 (3.3) | 107 (5.2) | 142 (6.9) | |
| Other | 131 (6.3) | 99 (4.8) | 85 (4.1) | 82 (4.0) | |
| Public insurance | 1037 (50.7) | 604 (29.5) | 313 (15.2) | 174 (8.4) | <0.001 |
| Household income <200% poverty line | 782 (55.7) | 567 (33.8) | 341 (18.5) | 241 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| Married | 630 (30.5) | 1201 (58.2) | 1571 (76.2) | 1795 (87.0) | <0.001 |
| Some college education or greater | 1581 (82.0) | 1532 (90.7) | 1384 (96.5) | 1182 (98.8) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.1 (±7.3) | 26.9 (±6.6) | 25.9 (±5.6) | 24.9 (±4.9) | <0.001 |
| Ever used tobacco | 1047 (50.7) | 864 (41.9) | 788 (38.3) | 756 (36.6) | <0.001 |
| Chronic hypertension | 64 (3.3) | 60 (3.0) | 43 (2.2) | 24 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Pregestational diabetes mellitus | 39 (2.0) | 33 (1.7) | 29 (1.5) | 16 (0.8) | 0.018 |
| Mental health disorder | 433 (22.0) | 356 (17.9) | 339 (17.0) | 289 (14.6) | <0.001 |
Data displayed as N (%) or mean (±standard deviation).
HEI, Healthy Eating Index; quartile 4 represents the best quality of periconceptional diet
*
P-value for chi-squared or ANOVA test.