Table 4.
Factors associated with informing one’s sexual partner of potential STI symptoms1
| Bivariate | Multivariate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
No M (SD)/n (%) |
Yes M (SD)/n (%) |
OR | 95% CI | p value | AOR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Age | 26.0 (6.08) | 26.0 (6.56) | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.03 | .883 | |||
| Race | ||||||||
| Black | 245 (53.1) | 216 (46.9) | REF | |||||
| Colored | 48 (66.7) | 24 (33.3) | 0.60 | 0.36, 1.01 | .055 | |||
| Other | 35 (67.3) | 17 (32.7) | 0.59 | 0.32, 1.09 | .090 | |||
| Education | ||||||||
| Low | 157 (59.0) | 109 (41.0) | REF | |||||
| High | 170 (53.5) | 148 (46.5) | 1.25 | 0.90, 1.74 | .178 | |||
| Ever married | ||||||||
| No | 292 (54.2) | 247 (45.8) | REF | |||||
| Yes | 37 (77.1) | 11 (22.9) | 0.35 | 0.18, 0.70 | .003 | |||
| Country | ||||||||
| South Africa | 206 (57.9) | 150 (42.1) | REF | |||||
| Botswana | 26 (51.0) | 25 (49.0) | 1.25 | 0.70, 2.22 | .446 | |||
| Namibia | 60 (53.6) | 52 (46.4) | 1.13 | 0.75, 1.71 | .557 | |||
| Zimbabwe | 37 (54.4) | 31 (45.6) | 1.08 | 0.65, 1.80 | .773 | |||
| Regular income | ||||||||
| No | 165 (55.4) | 133 (44.6) | REF | |||||
| Yes | 158 (56.4) | 122 (43.6) | 0.96 | 0.69, 1.33 | 798 | |||
| Medical Aid | ||||||||
| No | 201 (54.3) | 169 (45.7) | REF | |||||
| Yes | 124 (58.8) | 87 (41.2) | 0.83 | 0.59, 1.18 | .300 | |||
| Psychosocial characteristics | ||||||||
| Sexual identity | ||||||||
| Lesbian or gay | 248 (55.4) | 200 (44.6) | REF | |||||
| Other | 81 (59.6) | 55 (40.4) | 0.84 | 0.57, 1.24 | .387 | |||
| Gender role identity | ||||||||
| Masculinity | 2.56 (1.26) | 2.59 (1.19) | 1.02 | 0.89, 1.17 | .751 | |||
| Femininity | 2.89 (1.32) | 2.98 (1.24) | 1.05 | 0.93, 1.20 | .435 | |||
| Concealment of sexual orientation | 2.09 (0.92) | 2.03 (0.80) | 0.92 | 0.76, 1.11 | .397 | |||
| Internalized homophobia | 1.63 (0.70) | 1.53 (0.61) | 0.79 | 0.61, 1.01 | .063 | |||
| Sense of belonging | ||||||||
| Sense of belonging to community | 2.87 (0.71) | 2.83 (0.59) | 0.91 | 0.71, 1.17 | .466 | 0.60 | 0.41, 0.88 | .009 |
| Sense of belonging to LGBT community | 3.20 (0.62) | 3.32 (0.57) | 1.41 | 1.07, 1.87 | .016 | 1.50 | 1.01, 2.22 | .046 |
| Sexual experience | ||||||||
| No. of female partners in past 3 months | ||||||||
| 0 partners | 37 (58.7) | 26 (41.3) | REF | |||||
| 1 partner | 173 (55.6) | 138 (44.4) | 0.97 | 0.69, 1.37 | .875 | |||
| 2 or more partners | 96 (53.6) | 83 (46.4) | 1.11 | 0.77, 1.58 | .577 | |||
| Consensual sex with man in past 3 months | ||||||||
| No | 261 (53.8) | 224 (46.2) | REF | |||||
| Yes | 68 (66.7) | 34 (33.3) | 0.58 | 0.37, 0.91 | .018 | |||
| Forced sex with women | ||||||||
| No | 268 (54.4) | 225 (45.6) | REF | |||||
| Yes | 61 (64.9) | 33 (35.1) | 0.64 | 0.41, 1.02 | .061 | |||
| Forced sex with men | ||||||||
| No | 242 (54.8) | 200 (45.2) | REF | |||||
| Yes | 87 (60.0) | 58 (40.0) | 0.81 | 0.55, 1.18 | .270 | |||
| Transactional sex with woman | ||||||||
| No | 274 (55.0) | 224 (45.0) | REF | |||||
| Yes | 55 (61.8) | 34 (38.2) | 0.76 | 0.48, 1.20 | .236 | |||
| Transactional sex with man | ||||||||
| No | 285 (54.3) | 240 (45.7) | REF | |||||
| Yes | 44 (71.0) | 18 (29.0) | 0.49 | 0.27, 0.86 | .014 | |||
| Sexual health | ||||||||
| Ever received STI/HIV information specifically for WSM | ||||||||
| No | 215 (59.9) | 144 (40.1) | REF | |||||
| Yes | 114 (50.0) | 114 (50.0) | 1.49 | 1.07, 2.09 | .019 | |||
| STI knowledge | 1.36 (0.72) | 1.40 (0.69) | 1.08 | 0.86, 1.36 | .523 | |||
| Knowledge about HIV transmission | 7.34 (1.58) | 7.69 (1.36) | 1.18 | 1.05, 1.33 | .007 | |||
| Perceived risk of HIV | ||||||||
| No risk | 211 (59.9) | 141 (40.1) | REF | |||||
| Some risk | 110 (50.2) | 109 (49.8) | 1.48 | 1.06, 2.08 | .023 | |||
| No. of STI symptoms in past year | 1.86 (2.27) | 1.85 (2.08) | 1.00 | 0.92, 1.08 | .955 | |||
| Diagnosed STI in past year | ||||||||
| No | 297 (54.9) | 244 (45.1) | REF | REF | ||||
| Yes | 32 (69.6) | 14 (30.4) | 0.53 | 0.28, 1.02 | .058 | 0.45 | 0.17, 1.19 | .107 |
| Ever tested for HIV | ||||||||
| No | 87 (70.2) | 37 (29.8) | REF | REF | ||||
| Yes | 242 (52.3) | 221 (47.7) | 2.15 | 1.40, 3.29 | .000 | 3.19 | 1.80, 5.65 | .000 |
| Self-Reported HIV status | ||||||||
| Positive | 25 (61.0) | 16 (39.0) | REF | |||||
| Negative or don’t know | 304 (55.7) | 242 (44.3) | 1.24 | 0.65, 2.38 | .510 | |||
| Mental distress | ||||||||
| Frequency of alcohol consumption | 1.72 (1.52) | 1.67 (1.44) | 1.00 | 0.87, 1.10 | .694 | |||
| Ever used drugs | ||||||||
| No drug | 184 (62.8) | 109 (37.2) | REF | REF | ||||
| Some drug use | 145 (49.3) | 149 (50.7) | 1.74 | 1.25, 2.41 | .001 | 1.51 | 0.97, 2.37 | .069 |
| Mental distress | 2.07 (0.93) | 2.19 (0.78) | 1.18 | 0.98, 1.43 | .080 | |||
| Health Care | ||||||||
| Being open about orientation to medical providers | 2.81 (1.07) | 2.77 (1.09) | 0.96 | 0.82, 1.13 | .635 | |||
| Expected positive impact of disclosing orientation to medical provider | 2.76 (1.08) | 2.93 (1.02) | 1.17 | 1.00, 1.37 | .053 | |||
1.
Due to missing values, not all numbers add up to 591. For range of scale scores, see Table 1.