Fig. 1.

Momilactone BGC in various plants with corresponding pathway. Includes approximate phylogenetic tree for relevant plant species and corresponding momilactone BGC, with genes colored to indicate distinct enzymatic (sub)families (split coloring of CpDTC indicates bifunctional fusion of copalyl diphosphate synthase [CPS] and kaurene synthase-like [KSL] cyclases). Arrows and/or accompanying notes on the right side indicate hypothesized evolutionary relationships among the depicted momilactone BGCs. The biosynthetic pathway has been annotated to include numbering of the relevant carbons in syn-pimaradiene and the relevant enzymes from momilactone BGCs, with steps mediated by CYPs not contained within these noted, along with hypothesized phytotoxicity of certain intermediates (i.e., substrates for enzymes found within the momilactone BGCs, as discussed), in red text (CYP701A subfamily member from tandem gene array that includes the requisite ent-kaurene oxidase for gibberellin phytohormone biosynthesis).