. 2020 Jun 24;6(6):e04007. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04007

Table 2.

Changes from baseline for body composition with the severe and moderate energy restriction interventions of the TEMPO Diet Trial.

Measurement	No.	Severe Group, Estimated Marginal Mean (95% CI)	No.	Moderate Group, Estimated Marginal Mean (95% CI)	P Value^a
Weight change, kg

24 mo	45	-10.0 (-13.3 to -6.6)^b	31	-6.0 (-9.7 to -2.4)^b	<0.001
36 mo	41	-8.0 (-11.7 to -4.4)^b	31	-4.9 (-8.9 to -0.9)^b	0.008

Weight change, % of baseline
24 mo	45	-11.2 (-14.9 to -7.6)^b	31	-6.7 (-10.7 to -2.7)^b	<0.001
36 mo	41	-9.0 (-12.9 to -5.1)^b	31	-5.5 (-9.8 to -1.2)^f	0.012

Body mass index change, kg/m²^c
24 mo	45	-3.79 (-5.08 to -2.49)^b	31	-2.25 (-3.67 to -0.84)^b	0.001
36 mo	41	-2.94 (-4.37 to -1.51)^b	31	-1.61 (-3.17 to -0.04)^e	0.007

Lean tissues
Whole-body lean mass change, kg^d
24 mo	45	-2.9 (-3.9 to -1.9)^b	31	-1.9 (-3.1 to -0.8)^b	0.02
36 mo	41	-2.8 (-3.9 to -1.6)^b	31	-2.0 (-3.2 to -0.7)^b	0.04

Muscle strength change, kg
Dominant hand
24 mo	44	-1.91 (-3.70 to -0.13)^e	31	-3.21 (-5.24 to -1.18)^b	0.16
36 mo	41	-2.25 (-4.02 to -0.47)^f	31	-4.20 (-6.12 to -2.28)^b	0.03

Non-dominant hand
24 mo	45	-2.33 (-4.09 to -0.58)^f	31	-3.07 (-5.04 to -1.11)^b	0.30
36 mo	41	-2.80 (-4.68 to -0.91)^b	31	-2.81 (-4.84 to -0.77)^f	0.92

Bone mineral density, g/cm²^d
Total hip change
24 mo	45	-0.030 (-0.046 to -0.015)^b	30	-0.007 (-0.025 to 0.011)	<0.001
36 mo	41	-0.038 (-0.054 to -0.021)^b	30	-0.019 (-0.038 to -0.001)^e	0.02

Femoral neck change
24 mo	45	-0.046 (-0.067 to -0.025)^b	30	-0.039 (-0.063 to 0.015)^b	0.36
36 mo	41	-0.063 (-0.085 to -0.040)^b	30	-0.045 (-0.070 to -0.020)^b	0.047

Lumbar spine change
24 mo	45	-0.046 (-0.065 to -0.028)^b	31	-0.042 (-0.063 to -0.021)^b	0.31
36 mo	41	-0.044 (-0.065 to -0.022)^b	31	-0.048 (-0.073 to -0.024)^b	0.77

Whole-body change
24 mo	45	-0.015 (-0.041 to 0.011)	31	-0.005 (-0.035 to 0.026)	0.06
36 mo	41	-0.021 (-0.051 to 0.008)	31	0.002 (-0.031 to 0.036)	0.007

Fat mass and distribution
Waist circumference change, cm
24 mo	45	-9.4 (-12.7 to -6.2)^b	31	-5.1 (-8.8 to -1.5)^f	<0.001
36 mo	41	-7.4 (-10.8 to -3.9)^b	31	-4.3 (-8.1 to -0.4)^e	0.04

Hip circumference change, cm
24 mo	45	-6.6 (-9.1 to -4.2)^b	31	-4.7 (-7.4 to -1.9)^b	0.005
36 mo	41	-5.9 (-8.5 to -3.2)^b	31	-4.4 (-7.3 to -1.5)^b	0.046

Ratio of waist to hip circumference change^g
24 mo	45	-0.020 (-0.062 to 0.022)	31	0.003 (-0.043 to 0.050)	0.02
36 mo	41	-0.030 (-0.075 to 0.014)	31	0.006 (-0.042 to 0.054)	0.005

Whole-body fat mass change, kg^d
24 mo	45	-5.9 (-8.1 to -3.7)^b	31	-3.3 (-5.8 to -0.9)^f	<0.001
36 mo	41	-4.8 (-6.9 to -2.6)^b	31	-3.1 (-5.6 to -0.7)^f	0.001

Abdominal adipose tissue change, cm³
Subcutaneous
24 mo	40	-2341 (-3161 to -1520)^b	29	-1551 (-2454 to -647)^b	0.01
36 mo	35	-1986 (-2900 to -1072)^b	26	-1477 (-2504 to -451)^f	0.16

Visceral
24 mo	40	-1647 (-2199 to -1094)^b	30	-999 (-1594 to -403)^b	0.001
36 mo	35	-1287 (-1868 to -705)^b	26	-866 (-1502 to -229)^f	0.03

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; mo, months; TEMPO, Type of Energy Manipulation for Promoting optimum metabolic health and body composition in Obesity.

Bolded P values in the right-hand column represent P values that are less than 0.05.

P values for comparison between the severe and moderate interventions at each time point.

P < 0.001 versus baseline for that group. For within-group comparisons between follow-up and baseline values, a repeated-measures linear mixed model was used.

Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.

Measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

P < 0.05 versus baseline for that group. For within-group comparisons between follow-up and baseline values, a repeated-measures linear mixed model was used.

P < 0.01 versus baseline for that group. For within-group comparisons between follow-up and baseline values, a repeated-measures linear mixed model was used.

Calculated as waist circumference divided by hip circumference.