Table 1. .

Likely functions of gut microbiota

Function
• Trophic functions
• Energy supply for epithelial cells
• Regulation of gastrointestinal motility
• Regulation of differentiation and regeneration of various tissues, primarily epithelial
• Maintenance of ionic homeostasis
• Detoxification and elimination of endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds
• Formation of signaling molecules, including neurotransmitters
• Immune stimulation
• Cytoprotection
• Increased resistance of epithelial cells to mutagens or carcinogens
• Antimicrobial activity
• Inhibition of adhesion of pathogens
• Removal of viruses
• Regulation of gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis
• Involvement in protein metabolism
• Involvement in recycling of bile acids, steroids, and other macromolecules
• Storage of microbial plasmid and chromosomal genes
• Regulation of the gas composition of cavities
• Synthesis and supply of B-group vitamins, pantothenic acid, etc.