Table 1.

Normal values in centimeters for the diaphragmatic excursions

Ref.	Position	Quiet breathing				Deep inspiration (TLC)
		Men		Women		Men		Women
		Right	Left	Right	Left	Right	Left	Right	Left
Boussuges et al[49], (n = 210)	Standing	1.8 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.3	1.6 ± 0.4	7 ± 1.1, LLN = 4.7	7.5 ± 0.9, LLN = 5.6	5.7 ± 1, LLN = 3.6	6.4 ± 1, LLN = 4.3
Cardenas et al[13], (n = 64)	Semi recumbent	1.5 ± 0.4, LLN = 0.7		1.4 ± 0.3, LLN = 0.8		7.8 ± 0.8 LLN = 6.2		6.4 ± 1, LLN = 4.4
Gerscovich et al[10], (n = 23)	Supine	1.39	1.65	1.54	1.55	6.76	78	5.32	6.23
Testa et al[14], (n = 40)	Semi recumbent	18.7 ± 7.7		1.81 ± 0.77		7.79 ± 1.28		7.95 ± 1.4
Jung et al[15], (n = 16)	Semi, recumbent	2.3 ± 0.43	2.43 ± 0.5	2.67 ± 0.59	2.37 ± 0.66	7.16 ± 0.95	7.16 ± 0.56	6.5 ± 0.91	5.78 ± 0.76
Kantarci et al[4], (n = 164)	Supine					5.3 ± 1.1	5.4 ± 1.3	4.7 ± 1	4.8 ± 1
Scarlata et al[9], (n = 100)	Supine	2.03 ± 0.57		1.51 ± 0.37		6.93 ± 1.46		5.54 ± 1.33
Katipoglu et al[16], (n = 230) (median)	Supine					7.1 (6.5-8)	7.1 (6.8-8.5)	6 (5-7)	6.2 (5.2-7.2)

TLC: Total lung capacity; LLN: Lower limit of normality.