Table 3.

Summary of the efficacy and safety in real-world studies

Study (year, country)	Endpoint time (months)	Arms	Change in mean BCVA at month 6	Change in CRT (μm) at month 6	Comparison of the changes in BCVA and CRT	Change in BCVA at month 12 or at the end of follow-up	Change in CRT (μm) at month 12	Comparison of the changes in BCVA and CRT	Safety
Kumar et al (2019, India)38	6	RNB	+18 letters†	−213.81†	More gain, equal reduction	NR	NR	NR	IOP increase
	6	DEX	+9.5 letters†	−207.27†	Less gain, equal reduction	NR	NR	NR	More IOP increase
Ozkaya et al (2018)26	6, 12, 24	RNB	−0.11 logMAR†	−133†	Gain, reduction	−0.15 logMAR†# (month 24)	−193† (month 24)	Gain, reduction	Cataract progression: 5.7%*, no IOP increase >10 mmHg
	6, 12, 24	DEX	−0.08 logMAR	−171†	No change, reduction	−0.06 logMAR (month 24)	−256† (month 24)	No change, reduction	Cataract progression: 46.1%, IOP increase >10 mmHg: 22%
Yucel et al (2018, Turkey)27	6	RNB	−0.20 logMAR†	−162.7†	Numerical gain, equal reduction	NR	NR	NR, NR	Cataract (%): 1 (5.6%), IOP increase >25 mmHg: 2 (11.1%)
	6	Afl	−0.27 logMAR†	−310.1†	Numerical gain, equal reduction	NR	NR	NR, NR	Cataract (%): 1 (6.3%), IOP increase >25 mmHg: 1 (6.3%)
	6	DEX	−0.11 logMAR	−193.8†	Numerical gain, equal reduction	NR	NR	NR, NR	Cataract (%): 7 (29.2%), IOP increase >25 mmHg: 5 (20.8%)
Winterhalter et al (2018, Germany)28	6	RNB	BRVO: +8 letters, −0.16 logMAR† CRVO: +5 letters, −0.10 logMAR	BRVO: −194† CRVO: −204†	BRVO: equal gain, equal reduction CRVO: no change	Comparable BCVA gains and CRT reduction in BRVO	NR	NR, NR	No systemic AE
	6	DEX	BRVO: +10 letters, −0.19 logMAR† CRVO: −4 letters, 0.08 logMAR	BRVO: −149† CRVO: −208†	BRVO: equal gain, equal reduction CRVO: slight loss, equal reduction	Undertreatment in CRVO	NR	NR, NR	IOP increase >3 mmHg: 6/15 (53.3%)
Yuksel et al (2018, Turkey)29	6–11.9	RNB	+7.1 letters, −0.12 logMAR	−206.5 (40.9%)	Less gain, more reduction (numerically)	−0.11 logMAR†	−241.3 (47.8%)	Less gain, more reduction (numerically)	IOP mean increase: −0.6 mmHg
	6–13.9	DEX	+13.5 letters, −0.27 logMAR	−166.4 (32.5%)	More gain, less reduction (numerically)	+13.5 letters, −0.27 logMAR†	−146.5 (28.6%)	More gain, less reduction (numerically)	IOP mean increase: 3 mmHg*
Kaldirim et al (2017, Turkey)30	6	RNB	−0.35 logMAR†	−195.36†	More gain, more reduction	NR	NR	NR	IOP mean decrease: 0.31 mmHg
	6	Afl	−0.38 logMAR†	−241.06†	More gain, more reduction	NR	NR	NR	IOP mean decrease: 0.15 mmHg
	6	DEX	−0.26 logMAR†	−163.15†	Less gain*, less reduction* (ANOVA test)	NR	NR	NR	IOP mean increase: 1.8 mmHg*
Chatziralli et al (2017, Greece)31	6–12	RNB	+8.9 letters	−303.3	More gain, more reduction (numerically)	+8.4 letters†	−260 µm†	Equal gain, equal reduction	Cataract: 1/25 (4%), IOP increase: none
	6–12	DEX	+4.1 letters	−228.0	Less gain, less reduction (numerically)	+6.9 letters†	−197 µm†	Equal gain, equal reduction	Cataract: 3/17 (17.6%), IOP increase: 2/17 (11.8%)
Gu et al (2017, China)32	6	RNB	CRVO: +10.5 letters† BRVO: +6.3 letters†	CRVO:−283.2† BRVO: −84.6†	Equal gain and reduction Equal gain and reduction	NR	NR	NR	Stable lens opacities and IOP
	6	DEX	CRVO: +6.9 letters† BRVO: +5.8 letters†	CRVO:−444.6† BRVO:−139.8†	Equal gain and reduction Equal gain and reduction	NR	NR	NR	Stable lens opacities, IOP elevation but quite stable
Mayer et al (2015, German)33	6, 12	RNB	CRVO: +8.9 letters, −0.2 logMAR BRVO: +8.6 letters, −0.2 logMAR	CRVO: −90.3† BRVO: −82.9†	NR, NR	CRVO: +6.9 letters BRVO: +12.5 letters	CRVO: −200.1† BRVO: −215.8†	CRVO: equal gain, NR BRVO: equal gain, NR	No systemic AE
	6, 12	DEX	CRVO: +7.6 letters, −0.15 logMAR BRVO: +17.9 letters, −0.35 logMAR	CRVO:−181.9† BRVO:−191.4†	NR, NR	CRVO: +8.4 letters BRVO: +10.7 letters	CRVO: −303.9† BRVO: −194.1†	CRVO: equal gain, NR BRVO: equal gain, NR	Cataract progression: 50%, IOP increase >5 mmHg: 50%
Kim et al (2015, Korea)34	6–12	Bev	−0.21 logMAR*	−157.15*	Gain, more reduction	−0.23 logMAR	Bev: −160.09	Equal gain and reduction	No lens opacity increase ≥2 grades, no IOP increase
	6–12	DEX	+0.19 logMAR	−48.98	Loss, less reduction	−0.19 logMAR	DEX: −140.70	Equal gain and reduction	one eye lens opacity increase ≥2 grades, no IOP increase
Chiquet et al (2015, France)35	6–12	anti-VEGF	−0.1 logMAR†	−138 (−20%)†	Equal gain, equal reduction	−0.1 logMAR	−210 (−32%)†	Equal gain and reduction	Cataract surgery: 10.9%, IOP>21 mmHg: 3.1%*
	6–12	DEX	−0.3 logMAR†	−153 (−17%)†	Equal gain, equal reduction	−0.3 logMAR†	−137 (−20%)†	Equal gain and reduction	Cataract surgery: 7.9%, IOP>21 mmHg: 21%
Nghiem-Buffet et al (2014, France)36	BRVO: 15.8 CRVO: 18.4	RNB	NR	NR	–	BRVO: +9.2 letters† CRVO: +18.2 letters†	–	NR, NR	No cataract progression, no IOP rise >10 mmHg
	BRVO: 13.2 CRVO: 11.4	DEX	NR	NR	–	BRVO: +5.8 letters† CRVO: +16.8 letters†	–	NR, NR	Cataract progression: 1 (2.4%), IOP rise >10 mmHg: 7 (17%)

*Statistically significant difference between anti-VEGF and DEX.

†Statistically significant difference from baseline.

Afl, aflibercept; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; Bev, bevacizumab; BRVO, branch retinal vein occlusion; CRT, central retinal thickness; CRVO, central retinal vein occlusion; DEX, dexamethasone implant; IOP, intraocular pressure; NR, not reported; RNB, ranibizumab; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.