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. 2020 Apr 7;29(10):1635–1647. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa059

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Motor dysfunction in Ngly1^−/− rats. (A) Abnormal hindlimb clasping of Ngly1^−/− rats compared with WT rats when suspended by the tail. (B) Rotarod testing for motor coordination of Ngly1^−/− and WT rats at several ages. The time until drop from the accelerating rod (4–40 rpm in 4 min) is shown. (C) Gait analysis: left, representative paw placement records of 29-week-old rats; right, stride lengths and stance ratios of rats. (D, E) Grip-strength tests for assessment of forelimb (D) or forelimb and hindlimb (E) muscle force. (F) Home cage activity recorded over 120 h (left). The graph represents the means of 5-day averages of each analysis period (right). Values represent means ± SEM. The number of rats examined is 10–12 each. Asterisks indicate ^*^*P < 0.01, ^*P < 0.05.