Skip to main content
. 2020 Jun 20;2020:2735361. doi: 10.1155/2020/2735361

Table 5.

Subgroup analysis of Cox proportional-hazards models divided by onset age for clinical events in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Subgroup analysis Events Sex (female) Tremor onset Daily dose of levodopa at first evaluation Duration until the start of levodopa Duration until the start of antiparkinsonian drugs except levodopa Total LED at first evaluation Duration of onset to pain Duration until onset of wearing-off Duration until onset of psychosis Duration until onset of orthostatic hypotension
p Hazard ratio 95% CI p Hazard ratio 95% CI p Hazard ratio 95% CI p Hazard ratio 95% CI p Hazard ratio 95% CI p Hazard ratio 95% CI p Hazard ratio 95% CI p Hazard ratio 95% CI p Hazard ratio 95% CI p Hazard ratio 95% CI
Age at onset under 60 years Pain 0.017 1.426 1.064–1.910 0.388 0.878 0.655–1.179 0.238 1.000 0.999–1.000 0.859 1.005 0.955–1.000 0.048 0.960 0.922–1.000 0.015 1.001 1.000–1.001       0.064 0.972 0.943–1.002 0.010 0.970 0.948–0.993 0.006 0.963 0.937–0.989
Wearing-off 0.001 1.368 1.139–1.644 <0.001 0.663 0.551–0.799 0.010 0.999 00999–1.000 <0.001 0.930 0.904–0.958 0.493 0.992 0.969–1.015 <0.001 1.001 1.001–1.001 <0.001 0.966 0.950–0.982       0.703 0.997 0.979–1.014 <0.001 0.963 0.945–0.980
Camptocormia 0.902 0.977 0.676–1.412 0.730 0.937 0.649–1.355 0.139 1.001 1.000–1.002 0.775 1.009 0.950–1.071 0.495 0.982 0.933–1.034 0.076 0.999 0.998–1.000 0.026 0.961 0.929–0.995 0.325 0.979 0.937–1.022 0.315 0.981 0.946–1.018 0.620 0.989 0.945–1.034
Psychosis 0.387 1.125 0.862–1.468 0.319 1.141 0.8880–1.480 0.019 1.001 1.000–1.002 0.053 0.962 0.926–1.000 0.932 0.999 0.969–1.029 0.318 1.000 0.999–1.000 <0.001 0.947 0.926–0.968 0.283 1.015 0.988–1.042       <0.001 0.952 0.929–0.976
Orthostatic hypotension 0.061 0.636 0.397–1.021 0.841 1.050 0.649–1.700 0.642 1.000 0.998–1.001 0.046 0.926 0.858–0.998 0.256 1.032 0.978–1.089 0.335 1.000 0.999–1.001 0.200 0.977 0.944–1.012 0.170 0.967 0.922–1.014 0.001 0.943 0.911–0.975      
Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 0.108 1.178 0.965–1.437 0.280 0.896 0.734–1.094 0.026 1.001 1.000–1.001 0.107 0.974 0.943–1.006 0.551 1.008 0.983–1.033 0.126 1.000 0.999–1.000 <0.001 0.958 0.941–0.975 0.021 0.977 0.957–0.996 <0.001 0.948 0.932–0.965 <0.001 0.933 0.914–0.952
Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage 4 0.229 1.177 0.902–1.535 0.203 0.842 0.646–1.097 <0.001 1.002 1.001–1.001 0.318 0.980 0.942–1.020 0.306 1.016 0.985–1.048 0.064 0.999 0.999–1.000 <0.001 0.955 0.934–0.975 0.872 0.998 0.975–1.022 <0.001 0.926 0.905–0.946 0.003 0.963 0.940–0.987
Pneumonia 0.164 0.638 0.338–1.202 0.892 0.956 0.501–1.827 0.063 1.002 1.000–1.003 0.659 0.979 0.893–1.074 0.649 1.015 0.920–1.011 0.203 0.999 0.998–1.001 0.131 0.964 0.920–1.011 0.716 1.010 0.956–1.068 0.232 0.976 0.937–1.016 0.001 0.914 0.869–0.962
Tube feeding 0.688 1.172 0.540–2.546 0.396 0.706 0.316–1.577 0.021 1.002 1.000–1.004 0.436 1.039 0.944–1.143 0.857 1.006 0.942–1.074 0.127 0.999 0.997–1.000 0.332 0.973 0.921–1.028 0.361 0.973 0.921–1.028 0.265 0.976 0.936–1.018 <0.001 0.888 0.841–0.938
Death 0.459 0.770 0.384–1.541 0.701 0.867 0.418–1.797 0.964 1.000 0.998–1.002 0.915 0.995 0.906–1.092 0.304 1.034 0.970–1.103 0.877 1.0000 0.999–1.002 0.003 0.93 0.887–0.975 0.249 1.035 0.976–1.097 0.048 0.962 0.925–1.000 <0.001 0.897 0.853–0.944
Age at onset over 60 years Pain 0.249 1.205 0.878–1.656 0.026 1.414 1.042–1.919 0.404 0.999 0.998–1.001 0.224 0.953 0.883–1.030 0.418 0.973 0.911–1.039 0.362 1.000 1.000–1.001       0.092 0.959 0.914–1.007 0.032 0.953 0.913–0.996 0.066 0.953 0.906–1.003
Wearing-off <0.001 1.509 1.213–1.877 0.189 0.870 0.706–1.071 0.010 0.999 0.998–1.000 0.002 0.924 0.879–0.972 0.038 0.954 0.913–0.997 <0.001 1.001 1.001–1.002 0.077 0.974 0.945–1.003       0.279 0.982 0.949–1.015 0.001 0.940 0.906–0.975
Camptocormia 0.042 1.556 1.016–2.381 0.190 0.767 0.515–1.141 0.001 0.997 0.996–0.999 0.047 0.894 0.801–0.999 0.032 0.897 0.813–0.991 0.148 1.001 1.000–1.002 0.001 0.917 0.870–0.967 0.396 0.971 0.907–1.040 0.817 0.992 0.926–1.063 0.154 1.059 0.979–1.146
Orthostatic hypotension 0.006 0.492 0.297–0.814 0.568 0.863 0.520–1.431 0.205 1.001 0.999–1.003 0.099 0.898 0.790–1.020 0.794 1.013 0.919–1.118 0.137 0.999 0.997–1.000 0.957 0.998 0.936–1.065 0.154 0.947 0.879–1.021 0.005 0.912 0.856–0.973      
Psychosis 0.434 0.903 0.699–1.166 0.966 1.006 0.780–1.297 0.081 1.001 1.000–1.002 0.905 1.004 0.944–1.067 0.617 0.987 0.937–1.039 0.262 1.000 0.999–1.000 0.004 0.953 0.921–0.985 0.002 0.938 0.901–0.977       <0.001 0.878 0.840–0.917
Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 0.001 1.375 1.143–1.654 0.010 0.787 0.656–0.944 0.064 1.001 1.000–1.001 0.001 0.920 0.878–0.964 0.757 0.994 0.957–1.032 0.192 1.000 0.999–1.000 0.002 0.955 0.929–0.983 0.001 0.948 0.917–0.983 0.012 0.961 0.932–0.991 <0.001 0.875 0.845–0.905
Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage 4 0.082 1.228 0.975–1.547 0.024 0.770 0.613–0.967 0.072 1.001 1.000–1.002 0.056 0.946 0.894–1.001 0.267 1.025 0.982–1.070 0.416 1.000 0.999–1.000 <0.001 0.936 0.909–0.963 0.015 0.953 0.917–0.991 <0.001 0.943 0.913–0.974 <0.001 0.942 0.910–0.974
Pneumonia 0.011 0.513 0.307–0.858 0.563 0.859 0.515–1.436 0.864 1.000 0.998–1.002 0.065 0.893 0.792–1.007 0.971 0.998 0.912–1.093 0.840 1.000 0.999–1.002 0.886 1.005 0.944–1.069 0.373 0.967 0.900–1.040 0.319 0.968 0.907–1.032 0.001 0.883 0.824–0.947
Tube feeding 0.801 1.086 0.571–2.069 0.610 0.847 0.449–1.601 0.465 0.999 0.997–1.002 0.048 0.844 0.714–0.998 0.471 1.041 0.934–1.159 0.513 1.001 0.999–1.002 0.510 0.976 0.907–1.050 0.154 0.935 0.852–1.026 0.567 0.976 0.899–1.060 0.002 0.876 0.804–0.953
Death 0.765 1.094 0.609–1.964 0.579 0.850 0.477–1.512 0.659 1.001 0.998–1.003 0.575 0.955 0.814–1.121 0.883 0.991 0.879–1.117 0.467 0.999 0.998–1.001 0.026 0.931 0.874–0.952 0.003 0.866 0.788–0.952 0.791 0.989 0.914–1.071 <0.001 0.821 0.761–0.887