Table 2.
Bivariable and multivariable analysis of factors associated with uncontrolled BP among hypertensive diabetic patients on follow-up at NRH, West Ethiopia, 2018 (n = 186).
| Variables | Blood pressure | COR (95% CI) p value | AOR (95% CI) p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controlled | Uncontrolled | ||||
| Sex | Male | 44 | 39 | 1.323 (0.719–2.434) p=0.369 | — |
| Female | 60 | 43 | 1.00 | — | |
|
| |||||
| Age in years | 18–39 | 19 | 14 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 40–59 | 63 | 38 | 0.926 (0.393–2.186) p=0.861 | 0.727 (0.232–2.284) p=0.585 | |
| ≥60 | 22 | 30 | 1.971 (0.785–4.952) p=0.149 | 4.537 (1.142–18.024) p=0.032 | |
|
| |||||
| Marital status | Single | 13 | 8 | 1.00 | — |
| Married | 73 | 53 | 1.163 (0.420–3.219) p=0.772 | — | |
| Divorced | 12 | 11 | 1.607 (0.454–5.688) p=0.462 | — | |
| Widowed | 6 | 10 | 2.500 (0.640–9.766) p=0.188 | — | |
|
| |||||
| Residence | Urban | 50 | 36 | 1.00 | — |
| Rural | 54 | 47 | 1.229 (0.667–2.266) p=0.508 | — | |
|
| |||||
| Educational status | No formal education | 46 | 37 | 1.178 (0.507–2.739) p=0.703 | — |
| Primary school | 24 | 20 | 1.299 (0.508–3.319) p=0.585 | — | |
| Secondary school | 13 | 11 | 1.136 (0.376–3.434) p=0.821 | — | |
| College/university | 21 | 15 | 1.00 | — | |
|
| |||||
| Occupation | Employed | 77 | 66 | 1.00 | — |
| Unemployed | 27 | 16 | 0.698 (0.330–1.477) p=0.347 | — | |
|
| |||||
| Knowledge of hypertension | Good | 44 | 22 | 1.00 | — |
| Poor | 60 | 60 | 1.792 (0.923–3.478) p=0.085 | — | |
|
| |||||
| Duration with hypertension | <2 years | 33 | 24 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2–4 years | 29 | 25 | 1.176 (0.534–2.591) p=0.687 | 2.906 (0.786–10.738) p=0.110 | |
| ≥5 years | 42 | 33 | 1.150 (0.552–2.394) p=0.209 | 3.534 (1.062–11.760) p=0.040 | |
|
| |||||
| Cigarette smoking status | Yes | 10 | 15 | 2.405 (1.025–5.642) p=0.044 | 7.697 (2.356–25.146) p=0.001 |
| No | 94 | 67 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
|
| |||||
| Alcohol drinking status | Yes | 22 | 19 | 1.166 (0.565–2.404) p=0.678 | — |
| No | 82 | 63 | 1.00 | — | |
|
| |||||
| Presence of comorbidities | Yes | 25 | 25 | 1.442 (0.737–2.822) p=0.225 | — |
| No | 79 | 57 | 1.00 | — | |
|
| |||||
| Adherence | Adherent | 45 | 14 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Nonadherent | 59 | 68 | 3.509 (1.631–7.550) p=0.001 | 6.584 (2.337–18.553) p < 0.001 | |
|
| |||||
| Antidiabetic medications | OHAs alone | 60 | 43 | 1.00 | — |
| Insulin alone | 40 | 32 | 1.180 (0.622–2.238) p=0.612 | — | |
| Both OHAs and insulin | 4 | 7 | 2.662 (0.757–9.368) p=0.127 | — | |
|
| |||||
| Antihypertensive medications | Single AHAs | 74 | 46 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Two AHAs | 20 | 26 | 1.868 (0.925–3.775) p=0.082 | 2.284 (0.818–6.377) p=0.115 | |
| Three AHAs | 10 | 10 | 1.619 (0.609–4.303) p=0.334 | 4.549 (0.960–21.557) p=0.056 | |
|
| |||||
| Glycemic control | Controlled | 77 | 29 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Uncontrolled | 27 | 53 | 8.354 (4.166–16.751) p < 0.001 | 21.630 (8.057–58.070) p < 0.001 | |
OHAs = oral hypoglycemic agents; AHAs = antihypertensive agents.