Table 2.
Differentially expressed endogenous metabolites between groups BSTSF and AD and their change trends in all groups.
| Metabolite | m/z | Rt (min) | HMDB ID | PubChem ID | BSTSF vs. AD | ADa | BSTSFb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VIP | p | FC | |||||||
| ESI+ | |||||||||
| 5′-Methylthioadenosine | 342.0866 | 2.1028 | 0001173 | 439176 | 1.779 | 0.028 | 0.962 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| 1-(Hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione | 123.0551 | 1.3183 | 0031670 | 67000 | 1.923 | 0.031 | 0.981 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| Buddledin A | 277.1805 | 6.8324 | — | 5281514 | 2.010 | 0.022 | 0.953 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| C16 sphinganine | 274.2742 | 5.8082 | — | 5283572 | 2.003 | 0.029 | 0.981 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| D-Glutamine | 147.0762 | 0.7581 | 0003423 | 145815 | 1.907 | 0.032 | 0.987 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| Cer(d18:0/22:0) | 665.6552 | 10.5332 | 0011765 | 5283575 | 2.332 | 0.007 | 0.995 | ↑∗ | ↓∗ | 
| Fasciculic acid B | 678.4588 | 7.1307 | 0036438 | 196808 | 1.923 | 0.021 | 0.833 | ↑∗ | ↓∗ | 
| L-Carnitine | 162.1123 | 0.7298 | 0000062 | 10917 | 2.276 | 0.005 | 0.981 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| Methyl 10-undecenoate | 199.1691 | 6.5087 | 0029585 | 8138 | 1.762 | 0.038 | 0.992 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| PE(15:0/14:1(9Z)) | 680.4797 | 10.8995 | 0008888 | 52924158 | 2.101 | 0.017 | 0.987 | ↑∗ | ↓∗ | 
| N-Acetylproline | 190.1068 | 5.3884 | 0094701 | 66141 | 1.920 | 0.028 | 0.987 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| N-Succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate | 273.1097 | 14.0721 | 0012267 | 25202447 | 1.759 | 0.038 | 1.007 | ↑∗ | |
| Peperinic acid | 205.0849 | 6.1559 | 0038181 | 156203 | 2.192 | 0.008 | 1.013 | — | ↑∗ | 
| 2-Octenyl butyrate | 199.1693 | 7.5996 | 0038081 | 124355627 | 1.989 | 0.019 | 1.045 | ↓ | ↑∗ | 
| Glycinoeclepin A | 510.2488 | 5.5944 | 0037037 | 19007174 | 1.914 | 0.022 | 1.020 | ↓ | ↑∗ | 
| L-Aspartic acid | 134.0446 | 0.9605 | 0000191 | 5960 | 1.741 | 0.040 | 1.008 | ↓ | ↑∗ | 
| Monoisobutyl phthalic acid | 205.085 | 5.9735 | 0002056 | 92272 | 2.182 | 0.008 | 1.028 | ↓ | ↑∗ | 
| N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid | 351.1035 | 0.9605 | 0000812 | 65065 | 2.425 | 0.003 | 1.018 | ↓ | ↑∗ | 
| ESI- | |||||||||
| 3-Oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid | 415.2505 | 14.0629 | 0000476 | 5283992 | 2.242 | 0.007 | 0.981 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| Acetyl-DL-leucine | 172.0975 | 2.7628 | — | 1995 | 2.152 | 0.012 | 0.882 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| Camellianin A | 655.1471 | 10.0921 | 0029908 | 5487343 | 2.046 | 0.020 | 0.985 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| Furanofukinin | 293.1751 | 5.9909 | 0036640 | 78385403 | 1.662 | 0.042 | 0.981 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| Glycerol 2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoate) | 0041511 | 15607291 | 1.992 | 0.025 | 0.871 | — | ↓∗ | ||
| Indinavir | 648.3376 | 11.0497 | 0014369 | 5362440 | 1.912 | 0.029 | 0.972 | ↓∗ | |
| Methylisocitric acid | 241.0113 | 0.73 | 0006471 | 5459784 | 1.897 | 0.036 | 0.939 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| N-Acetyl-D-phenylalanine | 206.0817 | 3.0047 | — | 101184 | 1.863 | 0.027 | 0.887 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| N-Hexacosanoylglycine | 498.4148 | 9.9473 | 0062678 | 91828268 | 1.704 | 0.046 | 0.798 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| PS(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) | 896.518 | 12.6161 | 0112616 | 131819845 | 1.904 | 0.031 | 0.955 | — | ↓∗ | 
| Sodium tetradecyl sulfate | 275.1677 | 7.6509 | 0014607 | 23665770 | 1.752 | 0.032 | 0.841 | ↑ | ↓∗ | 
| Tetracosahexaenoic acid | 393.2201 | 6.0111 | 0002007 | 6439582 | 1.912 | 0.033 | 1.290 | ↓ | ↑∗ | 
| 4-Nitrophenol | 138.02 | 3.6423 | 0001232 | 980 | 1.675 | 0.034 | 1.028 | ↓∗ | ↑∗ | 
| Amphotericin B | 922.4847 | 10.5551 | 0014819 | 5280965 | 2.121 | 0.016 | 1.102 | ↑∗ | |
| Citbismine A | 639.1921 | 3.8775 | 0041086 | 131753020 | 1.609 | 0.038 | 1.710 | ↓∗ | ↑∗ | 
| PE-NMe(15:0/18:0) | 754.5181 | 11.0497 | 0113019 | 131820134 | 1.896 | 0.021 | 1.051 | ↓ | ↑∗ | 
Abbreviations: BSTSF: Bushen Tiansui Formula; AD: Alzheimer's disease; Rt (min): retention time; VIP: variable importance; FC: fold change. Fold change was calculated as average relative quantitation obtained from group BSTSF/group AD, and a value less than 1 indicates a decrease in the metabolites of group BSTSF. The levels of potential biomarkers were labeled with “↓” (downregulated) and “↑” (upregulated) (∗p < 0.05). aChange trend compared with the sham group. bChange trend compared with the AD group.