Table 2.

Depression among type-II diabetic patients (N = 397) in relation to their clinical data.

Characteristic	Total no (%)	Depression no (%)	P value	Odds ratio	95% CI
Clinical data:
Family history of DM:
No	233 (58.7%)	79 (33.9%)		r
Yes	164 (41.3%)	68 (41.5%)	0.12	1.38	(0.91-2.08)
Duration of DM:
<5 y	157 (39.6%)	24 (15.3%)		r
5-9 y	197 (49.6%)	101 (51.3%)	0.0001	5.83	(3.48-9.77)
10+	43 (10.8%)	22 (51.2%)	0.0001	5.80	(2.78-12.15)
Type of treatment:
Oral hypoglycemic drugs	179 (45.1%)	29 (16.2%)		r
Insulin only	47 (11.8%)	21 (44.7%)	0.0001	4.18	(2.07-8.41)
Both	171 (43.1%)	97 (56.7%)	0.0001	6.78	(4.11-11.17)
Compliance to diet:
No	175 (44.1%)	80 (45.7%)	0.001	1.95	(1.28-2.94)
Yes	222 (55.9%)	67 (30.2%)		r
Compliance to physical activity:
No	218 (54.9%)	104 (47.7%)	<.0001	2.88	(1.86-4.45)
Yes	179 (45.1%)	43 (24%)		r
Compliance to medications:
No	65 (16.4%)	25 (38.5%)	0.79	1.07	(0.62-1.85)
Yes	332 (83.6%)	122 (36.7%)		r
Compliance to regular foot examination:
No	187 (47.1%)	73 (39%)	0.43	1.17	(0.78-1.77)
Yes	210 (52.9%)	74 (35.2%)		r
Compliance to daily blood sugar measurement:
No	290 (73%)	114 (39.3%)	0.12	1.45	(0.90-2.33)
Yes	107 (27%)	33 (30.8%)		r
Complications of DM:
Retinopathy
No	311 (78.3%)	107 (34.4%)		r
Yes	86 (21.7%)	40 (46.5%)	0.039	1.66	(1.02-2.69)
Nephropathy
No	371 (93.5%)	132 (35.6%)		r
Yes	26 (6.5%)	15 (57.7%)	0.023	2.47	(1.10-5.53)
Neuropathy
No	338 (85.1%)	107 (31.7%)		r
Yes	59 (14.9%)	40 (67.8%)	<.0001	4.55	(2.51-8.22)
Libido
No	331 (83.4%)	100 (30.2%)		r
Yes	66 (16.6%)	47 (71.2%)	0.0001	5.71	(3.19-10.22)
Family history of depression
No	383 (96.5%)	138 (36%)		r
Yes	14 (3.5)	9 (64.3)	0.03	3.19	(1.05-9.72)

r: reference category; CI: confidence interval.