Table 2:
Celiac disease symptoms, gluten-free diet adherence, serology and grocery quiz scores
| Diagnosis (N=117) | 6 months (N=115) | 12 months (N=100) | 24 months (N=97) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celiac Symptom Index (CSI) | ||||
| Median[IQR] | 35 (29–44) | 31 (26–38) | 29 (25–37) | 27 (24–32) |
| Above symptom threshold1 [%(N)] | 22 (26) | 9% (10) | 7% (7) | 4%(4) |
| Gluten-free diet adherence | ||||
| Celiac Diet Adherence Test (CDAT)2 | ||||
| Median[IQR] | --- | 9 (7–10) | 10 (9–12) | 10 (9–12) |
| Adequate adherence [%(N)]3 | --- | 95% (109) | 86% (86) | 86%(83) |
| Gluten-Free Eating Assessment Tool (GF-EAT) [% (N)] | ||||
| Gluten unrestricted | --- | 2% (3) | 1%(1) | 4%(4) |
| Occasional gluten (1–4/month) | --- | 2% (2) | 6%(7) | 4%(4) |
| Rare intentional gluten (<1/month) | --- | 15% (22) | 15%(16) | 5%(5) |
| Rare accidental gluten (<1/month) | --- | 75% (108) | 71%(76) | 76%(72) |
| No Gluten | --- | 6% (8) | 7%(8) | 11%(10) |
| Celiac serology | ||||
| tTG IgA level MULN median[IQR] | 7.3 (2.9, >12.5) | 0.92 (0.45–1.8) | 0.65 (0.35–1.5) | 0.47 (0.20–1.4) |
| Quiz Scores median[range] | ||||
| Total (/25) | --- | 23 (8–25) | 24 (18–25) | 22 (14–23) |
| Gluten-free items | --- | 11 (0–11) n = 11 | 11 (4–11) n = 11 | 11 (7–12) n = 12 |
| Gluten-containing items | --- | 13 (0–14) n = 14 | 13 (8–14) n = 14 | 11 (6–12) n = 13 |
1
CSI scores > 45 are associated with poorer adherence and lower quality of life (possible score range 16 to 80);
2
Persons not restricting gluten were considered non-adherent and CDAT scores were not calculated;
3
CDAT scores ≤ 13 are associated with adequate adherence (possible score range 7 to 35). tTG tissue transglutaminase antibody, MULN multiples upper limit of normal.