Table 1.

The main effect of observing time on temperature measurements (°C) of the body surface of sows

Items	Time (n = 1,056)1)				SEM	p-value
	06:00	08:00	16:00	18:00
Body surface
Vulva	34.24±0.054c	34.79±0.054a	34.54±0.050b	34.79±0.051a	0.039	<0.001
Udder	34.32±0.056b	34.54±0.056a	34.33±0.051b	34.61±0.053a	0.042	<0.001
Ear	33.41±0.065c	34.49±0.065a	33.89±0.060b	34.59±0.062a	0.058	<0.001
Back	33.57±0.052c	34.40±0.052a	34.05±0.048b	34.39±0.049a	0.036	<0.001
Temperature difference between target sites
VU	−0.07±0.054b	0.26±0.054a	0.22±0.050a	0.19±0.052a	0.040	<0.001
VE	0.83±0.055a	0.30±0.055c	0.66±0.051b	0.20±0.053c	0.042	<0.001
VB	0.67±0.073a	0.40±0.073c	0.49±0.067ab	0.40±0.070c	0.072	0.024

Value shown is the mean±standard deviation from day 1 to day 8 post-weaning.

SEM, standard error of the mean; VU, vulva - udder; VE, vulva - ear base; VB, vulva - central back.

¹⁾n, sample size = 132 sows×8 days.

^a–cMeans within a row without a common superscript letter differ (p<0.05).