Skip to main content
. 2020 Apr 27;18(2):e102622. doi: 10.5812/ijem.102622

Box 1. Functions of the Citation and Appropriate Number of References in Different Parts of an Original Paper (11, 12, 14, 21).

Section/Details
Introduction
Refines the research question (5 - 10 references)
Provides sufficient background about the study question
Shows current knowledge relevant to the study question
Shows how the study question has been previously studied
Presents concepts and variables associated with the research question
Material and methods
Elaborating the research method (5 - 15 references)
Describes new or previously published methods, protocols, or standards
Describes complex or less-known statistical analyses
Defines diagnostic criteria used in the study
Rationalizes sample size estimation
Justifies specific research design or methods
Results
No reference
Discussion
Supports interpretations of outcomes and conclusions (10 - 20 references)
Compares the study findings with the others
Reflects current view of the question/problem (conflicting, consensus or controversial opinions)
Supports possible explanations and implications
Contextualizes the study findings