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ROS affecting nuclear and cytoplasmic processing of miRNAs. miRNA transcription can be induced by ROS activating transcription factors (c-Myc, p53, NF-κB, HIF-1α). HDAC4 does not directly bind to DNA but suppresses transcription when bound to a promoter. ROS can affect miRNA biogenesis, translocation and maturation through regulating the activity and expression of DGCR8, drosha, exportin 5 and the processing enzyme dicer. (Arrow indicates activation, T arrow indicates inhibition).
