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The cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway alleviates acute lung injury. Agonists to α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors reduce release of extracellular HMGB1 and expression of the two main HMGB1 receptors RAGE and TLR4. The inhibition of HMGB1-driven inflammation ameliorates the development of acute lung injury and ARDS by constraining certain and supporting other cellular functions outlined in the figure
