Fig. 3.

Ginsenoside Mc1 inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)–induced apoptotic events in H9c2 cells. (A) Cells were preincubated with ginsenoside Mc1 (50 μg/mL) or ginsenoside Mc1 plus compound C (2 μM) for 24 h and then stimulated with H₂O₂ (600 μM) for 2 h. The shape of the nucleus was determined by Hoechst staining. White arrows indicate DNA-damaged cells. (B) H9c2 cells were pretreated with ginsenoside Mc1 or ginsenoside Mc1 plus compound C for 24 h and then stimulated with H₂O₂ for 4 h. The rate of apoptosis was determined using annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining and flow cytometry. The mean ± standard deviation was obtained from 3 separate experiments [***, p < 0.0005; analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate.