Figure 1. Theoretical framework for newborn internal exposome.

External exposures from food, prescription drugs, pollution, lifestyle-exercise, psychosocial factors, and infections mediated by the mother during fetal development or directly received by the newborn at birth can be directly measured in biological samples such as DBS. The cys-proteome and metabolome describe measurable readouts of reactive small molecules binding with proteins (adducts) and endogenous and exogenous small molecules (metabolites) due to interaction between external exposures (maternal or newborn), ‘omic layers and microbiome (maternal, fetal, or newborn) and small molecules produced from adverse health itself (maternal, fetal, or newborn)(12,15).

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