Table 1.

Prior studies concerning prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Iran

no:	Location	Year	Author	Number & kind of sample	Method	Prevalence (%)	Comment	Ref
1	Tehran	2001	Badami	n = 375 cervical swab	Culture	Fertile women: MH = 18(7.2) & UU = 48(19.2) Infertile women: MH = 32(25.6) & UU = 41(32.8)	Fertile women = 250 Infertile women = 125	[20]
2	Tehran	2003	Salari	n = 125 swab urethral	PCR	MG = 9(7.2) UU = 24(19.2) MH = 3(2.4)	Men with NGU	[21]
3	Tehran	2005	AleYasin	n = 312 cervical swab	Culture PCR	Culture: MH = 20(6.4) PCR:MH = 50(16) Culture &PCR = 16(5)	Infertile women	[22]
4	Tehran	2005	Najar Peerayeh	n = 312 cervical swab	Culture PCR	Culture: UU = 18(5.7) PCR: UU = 32(10.25)	Infertile women	[23]
5	Tehran	2006	Najar Peerayeh	n = 377 cervical swab	PCR	MH = 31(8.2) UU = 60(15.9) MH & UU = 25(6.6)	Infertile women	[18]
6	Tehran	2007	Golshani	n = 200 semen samples	Multiplex PCR	MH = 22(11) UU = 6(3) MH&UU = 2(1)	Infertile men	[24]
7	Tehran	2007	Zeighami	n = 200 semen samples	PCR	Fertile men: UU = 3(3) Infertile men: UU = 12(12)	Fertile men = 100 Infertile men = 100	[19]
8	Tehran	2007	soleimani rahbar	n = 100 semen samples	PCR	MH = 3(3) UU = 17(17)	Infertile men	[25]
9	Tehran	2007	Najar Peerayeh	n = 377 cervical swab	PCR	UU = 85(22.5)	Infertile women	[26]
10	Tehran	2008	NajarPeerayeh	n = 312 cervical swab	Culture PCR	Culture: MH = 12(4) & UU = 39(12) PCR: MH = 28(9) & UU = 54(17)	Infertile women	[27]
11	Tehran	2008	Ghazisaidi	n = 75 urethral secretion samples after prostatic massage & First void urine	PCR	urethral secretion: MH = 11(15) & UU = 19(25) First void urine: MH = 9 (12)& UU = 17(23)	Men suffering from nongonococcal urethritis and non-specific urethritis	[28]
12	Tehran	2008	Najar Peerayeh	n = 246 semen samples	PCR	Fertile men: UU = 3(3) Infertile men: UU = 23(15.7)	Fertile men = 100 Infertile men = 146	[29]
13	Tehran	2009	Amirmozafari	n = 210 cervical swab	Culture PCR	Culture: UU = 69(32.8) PCR: UU = 67(31.9)	Women with urogenital infection	[30]
14	Tehran	2010	Ahmadi	n = 220 semen sample	PCR	MH = 34 (15) UU = 89(40) MH&UU = 25(11)	Infertile men	[31]
15	Tehran	2011	Mirnejad	n = 210 genital samples	PCR	UU = 89(42.4) MG = 7(3.3)	Women with urogenital infection	[32]
16	Sabzevar	2011	Haghighi Hasanabad	n = 196 urine	PCR	MG = 2(1)	Pregnant women	[33]
17	Ahwaz	2011	Moosavian	n = 265 urine = 110 cervical swab = 155	Culture Multiplex PCR	Culture: MH = 5 (1.8)& UU = 0 Multiplex PCR: MH = 11(4)&UU = 13(5)	Women with urogenital infection	[34]
18	Kerman	2013	Vosooghi	n = 58 semen sample	PCR	MH = 13(22)	Infertile men	[35]
19	Tehran	2013	irajian	n = 200 paraffin blocks	PCR	MG = 4(2)	Men with prostatitis	[36]
20	Ahvaz	2013	Maleki	n = 265 urine = 110 cervical swab = 155	Multiplex PCR	Urine: MH = 11(10) & UU = 13(12) cervical swab: MH = 7 (4)& UU = 15(10)	Women with urogenital infection	[37]
21	Tehran	2013	Yeganeh	n = 200 urine	PCR	MG = 14(7)	Men refer to urology clinic	[38]
22	Tehran	2013	Sadrpour	n = 120 semen samples	PCR	MG = 12(10)	Infertile men	[39]
23	Mazandaran	2013	mohseni	n = 44 genital samples	PCR	MG = 10(22.7)	Pregnant women	[40]
24	Tehran	2014	Seifoleslami	n = 350 cervical swab	PCR	Infertile women: MH = 8(5.3) & UU = 10(6.6) MH&UU = 4(2.6) Fertile women: MH = 3(1.5) & UU = 5(2.5) MH&UU = 1	Infertile women = 150 Fertile women = 200	[17]
25	Kurdistan	2014	Ahmadi	n = 218 cervical swab	PCR	Pregnant women: UU = 8(7.3) Spontaneous abortion: UU = 18(16.5)	Pregnant women = 109 Spontaneous abortion = 109	[41]
26	Sanandaj	2014	Mousavi	n = 104 cervical swab	Multiplex PCR	MH = 3(3) MG = 3(3) UU = 39(37) MH&UU = 1(1) MH&MG = 1(1) MG&UU = 1(1) MG&UU&MH = 1(1)	Infertile women	[42]
27	Kerman	2014	JamalizadehBahaabadi	n = 200 semen sample = 100 cervical swab = 100	PCR	Semen sample: MH = 15(7) cervical swab: MH = 18(18)	Infertile men & Infertile women	[43]
28	Kerman	2014	Mohseni Moghadam	n = 200 semen samples = 100 cervical swab = 100	PCR	Semen samples: MG = 13(13) cervical swab: MG = 10(10)	Infertile men Infertile women	[11]
29	Tehran	2014	Sobouti	n = 330 cervical swab their baby after delivery	Multiplex PCR	Pregnant women: MH = 25(15.1) & UU = 25(15.1) their baby after delivery: MH = 15(9) & UU = 18(10.9)	Pregnant women = 165 their baby after delivery = 165	[44]
30	Tehran	2015	Dadashi	n = 124 sample from ovarian cancer	PCR	MG = 9(7.2)	Ovarian Cancer = 62 Benign Ovarian Cancer =62	[45]
31	Tehran	2015	Eslami	n = 124 paraffin blocks	PCR	MG = 0 UU = 1(0.8)	From men who undergo prostatectomy	[46]
32	Tehran	2015	Safavifar	n = 45 semen samples	PCR	Infertile men: MG = 6(40) Fertile men: MG = 11(37)	Infertile men = 15 Fertile men = 30	[47]
33	Kerman	2015	EftekhariMoghadam	n = 50 urine	PCR	MH = 3(6)	UTI patients	[14]
34	Kashan	2015	Safari	n = 864 urine	PCR	MH = 1(0.1)	UTI patients	[48]
35	Sanandaj	2016	Ramazanzadeh	n = 218 genital swab	PCR	Normal pregnant: MG = 4(3.6) Spontaneous abortion: MG = 2(1.8)	Normal pregnant = 109 Spontaneous abortion = 109	[49]
36	Tehran	2016	Ahmadi	n = 330 semen samples	Real-time PCR	Infertile men = MH = 24(14) Fertile men: MH = 6(4)	Infertile men = 165 Fertile men = 165	[50]
37	Qazvin	2016	Bahrami	n = 232 cervical swab	culture	UU = 87(37.5)	married females(20–50 years)	[51]
38	Qom	2016	Asgari	n = 187 semen samples	PCR	MH = 71(39)	Infertile men	[52]
39	Tehran	2016	Irajian	n = 200 prostatitis tissues with paraffin	PCR	UU = 7(3.5)	men suffering from prostatitis	[53]
40	Tehran	2017	sameni	n = 65 cervical swab	PCR	MG = 11(16.9)	Infertile women	[54]
41	Tehran	2017	Javadinia	n = 194 urine	PCR	UU = 22(11.3) MG = 11(5.6) UU&MG = 5(2.6)	Pregnant women	[55]
42	Mashhad	2017	Makari golkhatmi	n = 200 vaginal swab	PCR-ELISA	Infertile women: MG = 21(21) Fertile women: MG = 3(3)	Infertile women = 100 Fertile women = 100	[56]
43	Hamedan	2018	Moradi	n = 234 cervical swab	Culture PCR	Culture: MH = 14(5.9) PCR: MH = 30(12.8)	married females(20–50 years)	[57]
44	Mashhad	2018	Moridi	n = 100 semen samples	Culture PCR	Culture: MH = 7(7) PCR: MH = 8(8) Culture: MG = 0(0) PCR: MG = 0(0)	Infertile men	a

^aThe data is under publication