Fig. 1.

The elevation of NET formation is associated with mortality and severity during septic shock. a, b Quantification of dsDNA and circulating NET structures in the plasma of healthy controls (n = 22) and septic shock patients (n = 21) using PicoGreen fluorescent dye and MPO-DNA-ELISA, respectively. c, d Associations of MPO-DNA complexes with septic shock mortality and SOFA score. e–h Mice were subjected to sham or CLP for 24 h. e, f Quantification of dsDNA and circulating NET structures in the plasma of sham (n = 6) and CLP mice (n = 6). g Quantification of dsDNA in the BALF of sham (n = 5) and CLP mice (n = 7) using PicoGreen fluorescent dye. h Representative images of direct immunofluorescence staining of DNA (blue) and MPO (red) in the lung sections of sham and CLP mice. Scale bar, 50 μm. Graphs represent means ± SEM; **P < 0.01 compared within two groups