Table 2.

Outcome of patients with autoimmune diseases and COVID‐19

Autoimmune disease (number of patients)	Relevant comorbidities †	Ongoing treatment	Outcome 19	Reference
Systemic sclerosis (1)	Yes	Tocilizumab	Mild	38
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (1)	Yes	Rituximab	ARDS, survived	39
Systemic lupus erythematosus (17)	Yes	Hydroxychloroquine, other immunosuppressives interrupted	14 admitted to hospital 2 died	40
Rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis (4)	Yes	DMARDs, temporarily withdrawn	3 mild 1 hospitalized, survived	41
Systemic sclerosis (1 with positive swab of 123 total patients with connective tissue diseases),	Yes	Hydroxychloroquine, rituximab	severe pneumonia, died	42
Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and ankylosing spondylitis under (86)	Yes	Methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, JAK inhibitors, TNF inhibitor or IL‐17‐, IL‐23‐, IL‐12/23 blocker	mild 14 admitted to hospital, 1 died	43
Pemphigus vulgaris (1)	None	Mycophenolate mofetil	Nausea and fever, mild	44
Psoriasis (1)	None	IL‐17 inhibitor	No symptoms	45
Psoriasis, arthritis, Crohn (1)	None	IL‐23 inhibitor	Mild	46

DMARDs, methotrexate, etanercept, tofacitinib, leflunomide, abatacept; IL, interleukin.

^† Older age > 65, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, lung disease, smoker