Figure 2.

Stages of postnatal development that have been shown to be impacted by maternal infection with ZIKV, or may be identified as affected by congenital ZIKV exposure in long term clinical studies. Postnatal milestones include birth (e.g., higher miscarriage and stillbirth rates in ZIKV-exposed pregnancies), neurological milestones such as caregiver interactions, vision, and gross motor function (e.g. abnormal neurological or neuromuscular development in CZS), and life stage milestones including puberty and aging (these life stages have not been studied in ZIKV congenitally-exposed humans yet). Some children with severe CZS have decreased life expectancy compared with their unaffected human counterparts and it is remains unclear whether less affected infants with CZS will have altered life expectancies compared with their unaffected human counterparts.