Table 1.
Cohort Characteristics by HIV and Diabetes Statusa
| Characteristics | HIV Positive | HIV Negative | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Diabetic | Nondiabetic | P Value | Diabetic | Nondiabetic | P Value |
| N | 281 | 1264 | 248 | 592 | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, years | 55.7 (50.1–59.5) | 51.5 (46.2–57.0) | <.001 | 54.3 (50.9–59.6) | 52.3 (47.1–58.0) | <.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.9 (23.9–30.9) | 25.0 (22.4–27.7) | <.001 | 32.3 (28.3 36.4) | 28.7 (25.3–32.8) | <.001 |
| Male | 278 (98.9) | 1225 (96.9) | .06 | 228 (91.9) | 531 (89.7) | .32 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 41 (14.6) | 251 (19.9) | .06 | 52 (21.0) | 123 (20.8) | .23 |
| Black | 196 (69.8) | 872 (69.0) | 161 (64.9) | 404 (68.2) | ||
| Hispanic | 30 (10.7) | 97 (7.7) | 20 (8.1) | 47 (7.9) | ||
| Other | 14 (5.0) | 44 (3.5) | 15 (6.0) | 18 (3.0) | ||
| Comorbid diseases | ||||||
| Cardiovascular | 89 (31.7) | 191 (15.1) | <.001 | 99 (39.9) | 148 (25.0) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 203 (72.2) | 515 (40.7) | <.001 | 217 (87.5) | 358 (60.5) | <.001 |
| COPD | 46 (16.4) | 178 (14.1) | .33 | 53 (21.4) | 89 (15.0) | .03 |
| Tobacco use | ||||||
| Nonsmoker | 65 (23.1) | 306 (24.3) | .004 | 65 (26.3) | 133 (22.5) | .001 |
| Current | 122 (43.4) | 653 (51.7) | 92 (37.3) | 303 (51.3) | ||
| Past | 94 (33.5) | 303 (24.0) | 90 (36.4) | 155 (26.2) | ||
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 85 (30.3) | 165 (13.1) | <.001 | 156 (62.9) | 235 (39.7) | <.001 |
| Current alcohol use, hazardous | 92 (33.5) | 496 (40.4) | .03 | 83 (33.7) | 261 (44.8) | .003 |
| HCV antibody positive | 128 (45.6) | 495 (39.2) | .05 | 57 (23.0) | 175 (29.6) | .05 |
| LDL cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL | 17 (6.1) | 57 (4.7) | .30 | 10 (4.1) | 46 (8.2) | .03 |
| HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL | 148 (53.2) | 511 (41.7) | <.001 | 106 (42.9) | 174 (30.9) | .001 |
| Current statin use | 149 (53.0) | 313 (24.8) | <.001 | 170 (68.6) | 190 (32.1) | <.001 |
| eGFR < 60 mL ∙ min-1 ∙ 1.73 m−2 | 29 (10.3) | 85 (6.7) | .04 | 41 (16.5) | 43 (7.3) | <.001 |
| CMV antibody positive | 254 (91.0) | 1151 (92.2) | .51 | 171 (70.4) | 419 (73.0) | .44 |
| HIV characteristics | ||||||
| CD4+ at enrollment, cells/µL | 409 (285–604) | 397 (245–585) | .19 | |||
| HIV RNA at enrollment, copies/mL | 75 (50–2076) | 75 (50–4318) | .10 | |||
| ART at enrollment | 234 (83.3) | 1023 (80.9) | .36 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; CMV, cytomegalovirus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGRF, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; RNA, ribonucleic acid.
aContinuous variables shown as median values with interquartile range (parentheses). Categorical variables are shown as total “n” and column percentage. Some variables are missing 4% of participants or less.