Table 1. Animals that tested positive for Shuni virus by real-time reverse transcription PCR, South Africa, 2010–2018*.
| Animal type | ID | No. positive/ no. tested | % Positive (95% CI) | Province where submitted | Positive specimen | Clinical signs | Co-infection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic bovid |
ZRU116/18 |
1/93 |
1.1 (0.0–3.1) |
North West |
Spleen |
SUD |
|
| White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) |
MVA11/10 | 2/62 | 3.2 (0.0–7.6) | Limpopo | CNS | Neurologic | MIDV |
| ZRU137/18 |
|
|
Free State |
|
|
|
|
| Sable (Hippotragus niger) |
ZRU419/17 | 2/50 | 4.0 (0.0–9.4) | North West | Spleen | Hemorrhagic | Theileriosis |
| ZRU121/18 |
|
|
Limpopo |
|
|
|
|
| Warthog (Phaecocherus africanus) |
MVA35/10 |
1/15 |
6.7 (0.0–19.3) |
Limpopo |
CNS |
Neurologic, respiratory |
|
| Buffalo (Syncerus caffra) |
MVA43/10 | 4/54 | 7.4 (0.4–14.4) | Limpopo | CNS, whole blood | Neurologic, respiratory | |
| ZRU77/18 | Limpopo | ||||||
| ZRU97/18 | Limpopo | ||||||
| ZRU166/18 |
|
|
Limpopo |
|
|
|
|
| Monal (Lophophorus impejanus) |
ZRU119/18 |
1/13 |
7.8 (0.0–22.2) |
North West |
CNS |
SUD |
|
| Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) |
MVA08/10 |
1/12 |
8.3 (0.0–24.0) |
Limpopo |
CNS |
Neurologic |
|
| Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) |
ZRU172/18 |
1/10 |
10.0 (0.0–28–6) |
Western Cape |
CNS |
Neurologic, respiratory |
|
| Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) |
ZRU87/18 |
1/5 |
20 (0.0–55.0) |
North West |
Whole blood |
SUD |
WNV |
| Springbok (Antidorcus marsupialis)† |
ZRU261/17/3 |
1/4 |
25.0 (0.0–67.4) |
Gauteng |
Spleen |
Neurologic |
|
| Wildlife | 12/361 | 3.3 (1.5–5.1) | |||||
| Domestic animals | 2/196 | 1.1 (0.0–2.5) | |||||
| Avian |
|
1/51 |
2.0 (0.0–5.8) |
|
|
|
|
| Total | 15/608 | 2.5 (1.2–3.7) |
*CNS, central nervous system; MIDV, Middelburg virus; SUD, sudden unexpected death; WNV, West Nile virus. †Cluster with Sango virus.