Table 3.

System boundaries (i.e. covered life cycle stages and included activities/processes) for the baseline scenario of the BoP appliances.

Covered Life Cycle Stages	Included Activities/Processes
Manufacturing components	•Production of raw materials •Processing of raw materials •Transport of components to factory where manufacturing takes place
Manufacturing of product	•Assembly of components
Packaging	•Manufacture packaging •Transport of packaging to factory •Final disposal packaging (landfill, incineration, energy recovery, recycling)
Distribution and retail	•Transport packaged product from factory to Retail/Distribution Centre
Use phase	•Transport of product from Retail/Distribution Centre to final consumer •Consumption of energy and water from the use of the product •Use of detergents and salt, if any (detergents, salt and additives (rinse off) for Dishwashers and detergents and additives – e.g. softeners, bleaching agents, etc. - for Washing machines) •Waste management, if any (e.g. wastewater treatment of product used).
Maintenance and repair	•Manufacturing of components to be substituted (production and processing of raw materials, transport of materials to factory) •Waste management of substituted components
EoL of the product	•Sorting of materials/components •Recycling •Incineration and energy recovery •Landfill