Table 4. Root-mean-square deviations of segment and stifle kinematics.
| Study | Stance phase (0–60%) | Swing phase (60–100%) | Full gait cycle (0–100%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Femur | ||||||||||
| L/M tilt | I/E Rot. | C/C tilt | L/M tilt | I/E Rot. | C/C tilt | L/M tilt | I/E Rot. | C/C tilt | ||
| rmsd | M1 | 1.2 (0.7) | 5.9 (2.0) | 5.6 (1.8) | 1.4 (0.8) | 5.6 (2.7) | 5.7 (2.5) | 1.3 (0.7) | 5.9 (2.2) | 5.7 (2.0) |
| M2 | 1.9 (0.9) | 6.4 (2.8) | 5.3 (2.0) | 1.8 (0.8) | 5.8 (2.7) | 5.5 (2.5) | 1.9 (0.8) | 6.3 (2.5) | 5.4 (2.0) | |
| M3 | 1.9 (0.7) | 6.8 (3.5) | 8.2 (1.9) | 2.6 (1.1) | 7.2 (2.9) | 7.9 (3.0) | 2.2 (0.8) | 7.1 (3.1) | 8.1 (2.2) | |
| Barre et al. (2013) | 1.0 (0.6) | 4.0 (2.3) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.6) | 4.4 (2.3) | 3.9 (1.4) | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Tibia | ||||||||||
| L/M tilt | I/E Rot. | C/C tilt | L/M tilt | I/E Rot. | C/C tilt | L/M tilt | I/E Rot. | C/C tilt | ||
| rmsd | M1 | 0.6 (0.2) | 3.3 (1.5) | 1.4 (1.1) | 0.7 (0.2) | 3.4 (1.2) | 1.7 (1.1) | 0.7 (0.2) | 3.4 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.1) |
| M2/M3 | 1.8 (1.1) | 4.4 (1.8) | 1.6 (0.7) | 2.1 (1.2) | 4.8 (1.6) | 1.8 (0.8) | 2.0 (1.1) | 4.6 (1.7) | 1.7 (0.7) | |
| Barre et al. (2013) | 0.4 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.6) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.3) | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Stifle joint | ||||||||||
| Flex/Ext | Add/Abd | I/E Rot. | Flex/Ext | Add/Abd | I/E Rot. | Flex/Ext | Add/Abd | I/E Rot. | ||
| rmsd | M1 | 6.1 (2.6) | 4.4 (1.9) | 5.0 (1.2) | 6.7 (3.4) | 4.4 (3.0) | 4.4 (1.3) | 6.4 (2.8) | 4.5 (2.4) | 4.8 (1.2) |
| M2 | 5.9 (2.8) | 4.6 (2.4) | 7.2 (4.0) | 6.4 (3.2) | 4.9 (2.3) | 7.0 (2.4) | 6.2 (2.8) | 4.8 (2.2) | 7.2 (3.2) | |
| M3 | 8.8 (2.5) | 5.6 (3.7) | 6.6 (2.9) | 8.4 (3.8) | 6.5 (2.6) | 6.7 (2.3) | 8.7 (2.8) | 6.1 (3.1) | 6.7 (2.5) | |
| Richard, Cappozzo & Dumas (2017) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.1 | |
| Barre et al. (2013) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.7) | 3.9 (2.0) | 4.1 (1.4) | 3.0 (1.7) | 3.8 (1.4) | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Akbarshahi et al. (2010) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 4.5 | 4.45 | 5.91 | |
| Reinschmidt et al. (1997) | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.4 (0.4) | 3.9 (1.6) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
Note:
Means (standard deviations) of the root-mean-square deviations (rmsds) of the femoral and tibial orientations and stifle joint kinematics obtained by comparing the marker-determined and bone-determined kinematic variables. The values reported in the literature are also presented for comparison.