Table 5.
WRF-Chem simulated BC mass mixing ratio in snow (μg kg−1) for the four months simulated in 2013 and the mean of those four months compared with the observed values reported in He et al. (2014). Himalayan sites are in normal text, sites in the Tibetan plateau or north of the plateau are in italics. The closest corresponding model month to the observation is in bold.
| Location | Obs. Time | Lat. (°N) | Long. (°E) | Elev. (km) | This Work | Obs. | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Apr. | Jul. | Oct. | Mean | |||||||
| Zuoquipu | monsoon 2006 | 29.21 | 96.92 | 5.5 | 73.3 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 7.9 | 2 |
| non-monsoon 2006 | 29.21 | 96.92 | 5.5 | 73.3 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 15.9 | 2 | |
| Qiangyong | summer 2001 | 28.83 | 90.25 | 5.4 | 4525 | 24.7 | 2.9 | 24.3 | 24.1 | 43.1 | 1 |
| Noijin Kangsang | annual 2005 | 29.09 | 90.2 | 5.95 | 189 | 85.4 | 2.4 | 72.1 | 42.5 | 30.6 | 2 |
| East Rongbuk | monsoon 2001 | 28.02 | 86.96 | 6.5 | 39.9 | 73.9 | 4.9 | 58.4 | 28.3 | 35 | 3 |
| non-monsoon 2001 | 28.02 | 86.96 | 6.5 | 39.9 | 73.9 | 4.9 | 58.4 | 28.3 | 21 | 3 | |
| summer 2002 | 28.02 | 86.96 | 6.5 | 39.9 | 73.9 | 4.9 | 58.4 | 28.3 | 20.3 | 4 | |
| Oct. 2004 | 28.02 | 86.96 | 6.5 | 39.9 | 73.9 | 4.9 | 58.4 | 28.3 | 18 | 4 | |
| Sept. 2006 | 28.02 | 86.96 | 6.5 | 39.9 | 73.9 | 4.9 | 58.4 | 28.3 | 9 | 7 | |
| May 2007 | 28.02 | 86.96 | 6.52 | 39.9 | 73.9 | 4.9 | 58.4 | 28.3 | 41.8 | 6 | |
| Kangwure | summer 2001 | 28.47 | 85.82 | 6 | 30.3 | 102 | 5.4 | 8163 | 32.0 | 21.8 | 1 |
| Namunani | summer 2004 | 30.45 | 81.27 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 57 | 1.2 | 137 | 7.4 | 4.3 | 1 |
| Mt. Muztagh | summer 2001 | 38.28 | 75.02 | 6.35 | 31.9 | 19 | 93.1 | 51 | 34.0 | 32.9 | 1 |
| 1999 | 38.28 | 75.02 | 6.35 | 31.9 | 19 | 93.1 | 51 | 34.0 | 42.1 | 1 | |
| Laohugou #12 | Oct. 2005 | 39.43 | 96.56 | 5.05 | 37.8 | 190 | 27.5 | 360.5 | 38.9 | 65 | 4 |
| Qiyi | Jul. 2005 | 39.23 | 97.06 | 4.85 | 218 | 615 | 14.6 | 3696 | 38.5 | 48.9 | 4 |
| 1 July Glacier | summer 2001 | 39.23 | 97.75 | 4.6 | 34.2 | 158 | 23.8 | 46285 | 34.4 | 106.2 | 1 |
| Meikuang | summer 2001 | 35.67 | 94.18 | 5.2 | 11.5 | 18.4 | 7.8 | 22.9 | 12.0 | 32.9 | 1 |
| Nov. 2005 | 35.67 | 94.18 | 5.2 | 31.9 | 18.4 | 7.8 | 22.9 | 5.8 | 38.6 | 5 | |
| Tanggula | 2003 | 33.11 | 92.09 | 5.8 | 13.7 | 4.9 | 2.8 | 18.7 | 5.8 | 12 | 2 |
| Dongkemadi | summer 2001 | 33.1 | 92.08 | 5.6 | 23.5 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 28.6 | 8.2 | 15 | 1 |
| year 2005 | 33.1 | 92.08 | 5.6 | 23.5 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 28.6 | 8.2 | 11.8 | 7 | |
| La’nong | Jun. 2005 | 30.42 | 90.57 | 5.85 | 120 | 9.9 | 3.1 | 70.7 | 11.2 | 22.9 | 4 |
| Zhadang | Jul. 2006 | 30.47 | 90.5 | 5.8 | 120 | 9.9 | 3.1 | 70.7 | 11.2 | 19.3 | 4 |
| Haxilegen River | Oct. 2006 | 43.73 | 84.46 | 3.76 | 227 | 19.2 | 23.7 | 978 | 35.7 | 46.9 | 4 |
| Urumqi Riverhead | Nov. 2006 | 43.1 | 86.82 | 4.05 | 116 | 12.9 | 15.7 | 353 | 19.3 | 141 | 5 |
| Miao’ergou #3 | Aug. 2005 | 43.06 | 94.32 | 4.51 | 222 | 352 | 31.7 | 9161 | 56.3 | 111 | 4 |
References: [1] Xu et al. (2006), [2] Xu et al. (2009), [3] Ming et al. (2008), [4] Ming et al. (2009a), [5] Ming et al. (2009b), [6] Ming et al. (2012), [7] Ming et al. (2013).