Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Geophys Res Atmos. 2018 Jun 27;123(4):7482–7505. doi: 10.1029/2018jd029049

Table 5.

WRF-Chem simulated BC mass mixing ratio in snow (μg kg−1) for the four months simulated in 2013 and the mean of those four months compared with the observed values reported in He et al. (2014). Himalayan sites are in normal text, sites in the Tibetan plateau or north of the plateau are in italics. The closest corresponding model month to the observation is in bold.

Location Obs. Time Lat. (°N) Long. (°E) Elev. (km) This Work Obs. Ref.
Jan. Apr. Jul. Oct. Mean
Zuoquipu monsoon 2006 29.21 96.92 5.5 73.3 3.7 4.8 1.6 4.2 7.9 2
non-monsoon 2006 29.21 96.92 5.5 73.3 3.7 4.8 1.6 4.2 15.9 2
Qiangyong summer 2001 28.83 90.25 5.4 4525 24.7 2.9 24.3 24.1 43.1 1
Noijin Kangsang annual 2005 29.09 90.2 5.95 189 85.4 2.4 72.1 42.5 30.6 2
East Rongbuk monsoon 2001 28.02 86.96 6.5 39.9 73.9 4.9 58.4 28.3 35 3
non-monsoon 2001 28.02 86.96 6.5 39.9 73.9 4.9 58.4 28.3 21 3
summer 2002 28.02 86.96 6.5 39.9 73.9 4.9 58.4 28.3 20.3 4
Oct. 2004 28.02 86.96 6.5 39.9 73.9 4.9 58.4 28.3 18 4
Sept. 2006 28.02 86.96 6.5 39.9 73.9 4.9 58.4 28.3 9 7
May 2007 28.02 86.96 6.52 39.9 73.9 4.9 58.4 28.3 41.8 6
Kangwure summer 2001 28.47 85.82 6 30.3 102 5.4 8163 32.0 21.8 1
Namunani summer 2004 30.45 81.27 5.9 5.5 57 1.2 137 7.4 4.3 1
Mt. Muztagh summer 2001 38.28 75.02 6.35 31.9 19 93.1 51 34.0 32.9 1
1999 38.28 75.02 6.35 31.9 19 93.1 51 34.0 42.1 1
Laohugou #12 Oct. 2005 39.43 96.56 5.05 37.8 190 27.5 360.5 38.9 65 4
Qiyi Jul. 2005 39.23 97.06 4.85 218 615 14.6 3696 38.5 48.9 4
1 July Glacier summer 2001 39.23 97.75 4.6 34.2 158 23.8 46285 34.4 106.2 1
Meikuang summer 2001 35.67 94.18 5.2 11.5 18.4 7.8 22.9 12.0 32.9 1
Nov. 2005 35.67 94.18 5.2 31.9 18.4 7.8 22.9 5.8 38.6 5
Tanggula 2003 33.11 92.09 5.8 13.7 4.9 2.8 18.7 5.8 12 2
Dongkemadi summer 2001 33.1 92.08 5.6 23.5 4.6 3.9 28.6 8.2 15 1
year 2005 33.1 92.08 5.6 23.5 4.6 3.9 28.6 8.2 11.8 7
La’nong Jun. 2005 30.42 90.57 5.85 120 9.9 3.1 70.7 11.2 22.9 4
Zhadang Jul. 2006 30.47 90.5 5.8 120 9.9 3.1 70.7 11.2 19.3 4
Haxilegen River Oct. 2006 43.73 84.46 3.76 227 19.2 23.7 978 35.7 46.9 4
Urumqi Riverhead Nov. 2006 43.1 86.82 4.05 116 12.9 15.7 353 19.3 141 5
Miao’ergou #3 Aug. 2005 43.06 94.32 4.51 222 352 31.7 9161 56.3 111 4