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Schematic illustration of the role of betaine in Brf1 expression and Pol III gene transcription. Alcohol increases Brf1 expression to elevate Pol III gene transcription and to promote cell proliferation and transformation, eventually resulting in breast cancer development. In contrast, betaine inhibits the induction of these genes caused by alcohol to decrease Brf1 expression and Pol III gene transcription, leading to repression of breast cancer cell growth and tumor development.
