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. 2019 Jun 16;33(8):1123–1133. doi: 10.1177/0890117119856551

Table 3.

Exploratory Analyses of Unadjusted Mean Loneliness Scores (Survey Weighted) by Individual Respondent Characteristics.

Characteristics Mean (Standard Error)
Gender
 Male 43.81 (0.15)
 Female 44.24 (0.12)
Age
 18-25 years 47.87 (0.29)
 26-34 years 44.92 (0.23)
 35-64 years 44.08 (0.13)
 65+ years 40.00 (0.19)
Race/ethnicity
 White 43.68 (0.09)
 Hispanic 44.83 (0.34)
 Black or African American 44.39 (0.33)
 Asian 44.57 (0.45)
 Other 45.37 (0.55)
Census region
 Northeast 43.65 (0.21)
 Midwest 44.37 (0.19)
 South 44.11 (0.16)
 West 43.88 (0.20)
Urban-rural
 Urban 43.66 (0.13)
 Non-urban 44.50 (0.14)
Veteran status
 Veteran 42.67 (0.30)
 Nonveteran 44.21 (0.10)
Education
 High school or less 45.45 (0.20)
 Some college 44.83 (0.20)
 College degree 43.15 (0.13)
 Graduate degree 43.24 (0.45)
Employment status
 Employed 43.68 (0.13)
 Unemployed 49.03 (0.27)
 Homemaker 44.88 (0.31)
 Retired 41.15 (0.19)
 Student 47.85 (0.51)
Marital status
 Single 47.78 (0.20)
 Living with partner 44.45 (0.37)
 Married 41.75 (0.12)
 Widowed 44.44 (0.46)
 Divorced or separated 46.42 (0.27)
Household income
 Under $10 000 49.67 (0.39)
 $10 000-$24 999 48.47 (0.35)
 $25 000-$39 999 45.86 (0.24)
 $40 000-$49 999 44.36 (0.30)
 $50 000-$59 999 44.63 (0.25)
 $60 000-$74 999 42.69 (0.33)
 $75 000-$84 499 42.85 (0.28)
 $85 000-$99 999 42.95 (0.32)
 $100 000-$124 999 42.33 (0.30)
 $125 000-$149 999 40.70 (0.40)
 $150 000 or more 40.96 (0.37)
Instagram
 Yes 44.27 (0.19)
 No 43.95 (0.11)
Facebook
 Yes 43.94 (0.11)
 No 44.20 (0.17)
Snapchat
 Yes 44.58 (0.24)
 No 43.92 (0.10)
Twitter
 Yes 44.29 (0.26)
 No 43.98 (0.10)
YouTube
 Yes 45.59 (0.18)
 No 43.21 (0.11)
Pinterest
 Yes 43.84 (0.27)
 No 44.06 (0.10)
LinkedIn
 Yes 42.63 (0.40)
 No 44.12 (0.10)
Tumblr
 Yes 46.45 (0.59)
 No 43.94 (0.10)