Table 2.

Summary of the pathological effects and target genes of dysregulated exosomal miRNAs in CNS diseases. The confirmed and putative targets of differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs in specific CNS diseases were listed. Exosomal miRNAs with confirmed pathological effects by perturbation of function approaches were asterisked.

Disease	miRNA	Targets	Effects of miRNA dysregulation	References
Alzheimer’s disease	miR-193b	APP	Promoting Aβ accumulation	Liu et al. (2014)
	miR-15, miR-107	CDK5, p35	Elevating Tau and APP phosphorylation levels	Moncini et al. (2017)
		APP, BACE1	Enhancing APP expression and Aβ accumulation	Parsi et al. (2015)
	miR-342–3p, miR-185–5p	LRP8, APPB2	Mediating ApoE uptake and APP localization	Jaeger and Pietrzik (2008), Li et al. (2005)
	miR-3613–3p	II-1β	Initiating and promoting neuroinflammation	Lugli et al. (2015)
Parkinson’s disease	miR-19b	PARK2/PARK8	Dysregulating neuronal apoptosis and regeneration	Cao et al. (2017)
	miR-195, miR-24	PARK9
	miR-409–3p	CREB1	Repressing neuronal genes and neurotrophic factors expression	Gui et al. (2015)
Multiple Sclerosis	miR-196	IGF2BP1	Interrupting IGF pathway	Rebucci et al. (2015)
	let-7i*	IGF1R, TGFBR1	Inhibiting IGF1R/TGFBR1 expression on CD4+ T cells	Kimura et al. (2018)
		Frizzled4	Modulating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway	Cai et al. (2017), Jin et al. (2016)
	miR-122	Wnt	Repressing Wnt signaling	Wang et al. (2014a,b)
	miR-23a, miR-146a	CD47	Releasing macrophages from inhibitory control	Junker et al. (2009)
	miR-126	PIK3R2	Deactivating anti-apoptotic PI3K/Akt pathway	Chen et al. (2015)
Stroke	miR-125b-2–3p	Eglnl	Enhancing VEGF and reducing cytokine expression	Li et al. (2016)
	miR-21, miR-126, miR-33,	PTEN, Bcl-2, VCAM1,	Upregulating VCAM1 expression, enhancing leukocyte	Rink and Khanna (2011)
	miR-125a-5p, miR-155,	OSBP-9, AT1R,	adherence to the endothelium, decrease endothelial cell
	miR-222, miR-210	STAT5a	proliferation and migration
Glioblastoma	miR-21	RECK, TIMP3	Promotes Glioma Invasion	Gabriely et al. (2008)
	miR-21	PTEN, FOXO1, EGFR	Decreasing Bax/Bcl-12 ratio and inhibiting activity of caspase3/9	Lei et al. (2014), Shi et al. (2010), Tokudome et al. (2015), Zhou et al. (2010)
	miR-301	PTEN	Activating the AKT and FAK signaling pathways	Lan et al. (2018)
	miR-373	CD44, TGFBR2	Inhibiting cell migration and invasion	Wei et al., 2016
	miR-25, miR-92a	p21, Bim	Modulating cell cycle process	Kan et al. (2009), Wong et al. (2010)
Metastasis	miR-122	PKM	Repressing glucose consumption in niche cells	Fong et al. (2015)
	miR-19a	PTEN	Enhance tumor cell proliferation and survival	Zhang etal. (2015)