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. 2020 Jun 2;130(7):3621–3636. doi: 10.1172/JCI130176

Figure 9. LPS gains entry into the cytosol in the presence of palmitate, which is prevented by MβCD.

Figure 9

Enteric neurons were cultured in the presence of palmitate (PA, 0.5 mM), LPS conjugated with Alexa Fluor 594 (5 μg/mL), or both with or without MβCD for 6 hours. Membranes were visualized by cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) labeled with Alexa Fluor 488. (A) Representative images for each group are shown. Arrow 1 shows a membrane vesicle formation marked by CTB. Arrow 2 indicates that LPS is wrapped in membrane vesicles and adheres to the cellular membrane. (B) Representative images for different stages of neuronal pyroptosis in the PA plus LPS group. Arrows show that LPS is wrapped in membrane vesicles and is undergoing endocytosis. All scale bars: 10 μm.