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. 2020 Jun 29;10:10568. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66716-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Superimposed images portraying a representative sagittal comparison of the newly-devised LoS direction, contrasted with the spray bottle positioning (based on instructions that come with over-the-counter nasal sprays) by a volunteer subject. The trial was non-invasive, and the volunteering subject was one of the co-authors of this study. (b) Endoscopic view of the volunteer’s internal nasal anatomy when inspected along the LoS direction. These graphics can assist the readers in adopting the new spray usage strategies with relative ease, and can be of help to improve the application of nasal drugs; especially in the context of developing intra-nasal vaccines for COVID-19.