Table 1.

Transmembrane electrostatically localized protons per mitochondrion (in a size about 1500 nm × 300 nm × 300 nm) with and without cristae calculated as a function of transmembrane potential Δψ using Eqs. 3, 4 and 11 under the given reaction medium pH 7.25 ($p{H}_{pB}$), mitochondria matrix pH 7.35 ($p{H}_{nB}$), specific membrane capacitance ($C/S$) of 13.2 mf/m² based on measured experimental data⁶⁴, localized proton layer thickness ($l$) of 1 nm as discussed in ref. ^28,34, exchange reduction factor of 1.29 as calculated previously²⁹, and inner membrane surface area of 5.76 ×10⁶ nm² for the mitochondrion with cristae and 1.98 ×10⁶ nm² for the mitochondrion without any cristae.

Δψ (mV)	Localized protons per mitochondrion with cristae	Localized protons per mitochondrion without cristae
50	1.84 × 104	6.32 × 103
55	2.02 × 104	6.96 × 103
60	2.21 × 104	7.59 × 103
65	2.39 × 104	8.22 × 103
70	2.58 × 104	8.85 × 103
75	2.76 × 104	9.48 × 103
80	2.94 × 104	1.01 × 104
90	3.31 × 104	1.14 × 104
100	3.68 × 104	1.26 × 104
110	4.05 × 104	1.39 × 104
120	4.41 × 104	1.52 × 104
130	4.78 × 104	1.64 × 104
140	5.15 × 104	1.77 × 104
150	5.52 × 104	1.90 × 104
160	5.89 × 104	2.02 × 104
170	6.25 × 104	2.15 × 104
180	6.62 × 104	2.28 × 104
190	6.99 × 104	2.40 × 104
200	7.36 × 104	2.53 × 104