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. 2020 Jun 23;11:1305. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01305

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Sulfatide suppresses NF-κB activation and JNK phosphorylation. (A) Raw 264.7 cells received vehicle control, LPS 200 ng/mL, sulfatide 40 μM, or 10 min of 40 μM sulfatide pre-treatment, followed by LPS 200 ng/mL for 40 min. Cells were then fixed for analysis by immunofluorescence as described in the Methods section. In total, 100 cells were counted, and those with p65 signals co-localizing with DAPI were counted as positive. *p < 0.001. (B,C) Raw 264.7 cells received vehicle control, LPS 100 ng/mL, sulfatide 20 μM, or 10 min of 20 μM sulfatide pre-treatment followed by LPS stimuli, as shown in the figure. Cells were harvested after the indicated times and analyzed for the phosphorylation level of IκBα (B), p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 (C) by immunoblotting.