Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the recruited pwPD and HC groups.
| pwPD (n = 27) | HC (n = 26) | pwPD vs. HC p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Males, n (%) | 20 (74) | 17 (65) | 0.491a |
| Age in yrs, mean (SD) | 67.4 (8.1) | 66.1 (7.5) | 0.527b |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.3 (2.6) | 24.2 (3.6) | 0.118b |
| HandY, median (IQR) | 1.5 (1–2) | - | - |
| MDS-UPDRS III, mean (SD) | 19.7 (12.1) | - | - |
| Disease duration in yrs, median (IQR) | 3 (2–5) | - | - |
| Clinical onset laterality, left n (%) | 12 (44.4) | - | - |
| Onset symptoms | - | - | |
| Tremor, n (%) | 12 (44.4) | ||
| Bradykinesia, n (%) | 7 (25.9) | ||
| Motor deficits, n (%) | 5 (18.5) | ||
| Others, n (%) | 3 (11.1) | ||
| LEDD, mean (SD) | 209.5 (128.6) | - | - |
| Education in years, median (IQR) | 13 (8–17) | - | - |
Mean and SD were reported in case of normal distribution, while median and IQR were reported in case of non-normal distribution.
BMI, body mass index; HC, healthy controls; HandY, Modified Hoehn and Yahr; IQR, interquartile range; LEDD, Levodopa daily dose equivalent; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; n, number; pwPD, persons with Parkinson's disease; SD, standard deviation; yrs-years.
Chi-squared test
a
and independent samples Student's t-test
b
were used to evaluate differences between pwPD and HC groups, as appropriate. P-values lower than 0.05 were considered significant.