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. 2020 Jun 23;14:167. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00167

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Copyright © 2020 Slaoui Hasnaoui, Arsenault, Verdier, Obeid and Kolta.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Responses elicited in trigeminal motoneurons upon stimulation of different NVsnpr divisions in rats. (A) Schematic illustration of the recording and stimulation (in 3 NVsnpr divisions) arrangements. (B) Low (left) and high (right) magnification images of MNs retrogradely labeled in NVmt after injection of Dil (red) in masseter muscles and of Cholera toxin conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (green) in digastric muscles. (C) Histograms showing the success rate of stimuli applied to each of the NVsnpr divisions for MMNs and DMNs. (D) Number (left) and latency (right; mean ± SEM) of each type of response elicited in the two motoneuronal pools by stimuli applied to each of the NVsnpr divisions shown in panel (A). (E) Examples of monophasic (top) and multiphasic (bottom) EPSPs (left) and IPSPs (middle). Right: shows a typical, short latency, all or none response that results from direct activation of the recorded cell. (F) Long-lasting increase in the frequency of spontaneous mini EPSPs elicited by single-pulse stimulation in NVsnpr (four trials from the same stimulation site in one MN). (G) Top Rasters of PSPs detected in raw (bottom) traces showing clustering of PSPs that could potentially lead to burst firing in MNs after train stimulation in NVsnpr. Abbreviations: Stim, stimulation; NVsnpr, trigeminal main sensory nucleus; NVmt, trigeminal motor nucleus; NVmt-mass, masseter motoneuronal pool; NVmt-dig, digastric motoneuronal pool; MMNs, masseter motoneurons; DMNs, digastric motoneurons; EPSPs, excitatory postsynaptic potentials; IPSPs, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials; PSPs, post-synaptic potentials.