Table 2.

Quality of included studies (EPHPP rating tool).

First author (year); study design	Selection bias	Study design	Confounders	Blinding	Data collection	Drop-out	Global ratinga
Addington et al. (2011), RCT	Weak	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Weak
Alvarez-Jimenez et al. (2018), pre–post	Moderate	Moderate	NA	NA	Strong	Strong	NA
Bechdolf et al. (2007), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Moderate
Bechdolf et al. (2005), pre–post	Moderate	Moderate	NA	NA	Strong	Strong	NA
Bradley et al. (2017), A-B	Moderate	Moderate	NA	NA	Strong	Strong	NA
Evans et al. (2017), pre–post	Moderate	Moderate	NA	NA	Strong	Moderate	NA
Ising et al. (2017), economic evaluation of RCT	Weak	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Weak
Ising et al. (2016), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Moderate
Ising et al. (2015), economic evaluation of RCT	Weak	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Moderate
Kommescher et al. (2016), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Strong	Moderate	Strong
Langer et al. (2010), quasi-RCT	Weak	Strong	Weak	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Weak
Matsumoto et al. (2018), pre–post	Moderate	Moderate	NA	NA	Strong	Strong	NA
McGorry et al. (2017), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
McGorry et al. (2013), RCT	Weak	Strong	Strong	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
McGorry et al. (2002), RCT	Weak	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Strong	Weak
Morrison et al. (2012), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Moderate
Morrison et al. (2004), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Strong	Moderate	Strong
Nelson et al. (2018), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Strong	Strong	Strong	Moderate
O’Brien et al. (2015), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Moderate
Phillips et al. (2009), economic evaluation of RCT	Weak	Strong	Strong	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
Phillips et al. (2007), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate
Piskulic et al. (2015), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Weak
Ruhrmann et al. (2007), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Weak	Weak
Shi et al. (2017), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Strong
Stafford et al. (2015), pre–post	Moderate	Moderate	NA	NA	Strong	Strong	NA
Stain et al. (2016), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Moderate	Strong	Weak	Weak
Van der Gaag et al. (2012), RCT	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Moderate	Strong	Strong	Strong

EPHPP: Effective Public Health Practice Project; RCT: randomised controlled trial; NA: not applicable.

^aGlobal ratings are not provided for studies with NA ratings in any category to ensure comparability of results (personal communication with EPHPP team, 19 September 2017).